指南針和牛蛙心臓混沌動力學控制之研究

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姓名

柯佩蓮(Nurra Keprin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

生物物理研究所

論文名稱

指南針和牛蛙心臓混沌動力學控制之研究
(Controlling Chaotic Dynamics in a Compass and Cardiac Tissues of a Frog)

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摘要(中)

物理及生物的非線性系統在週期性刺激下，會產生混沌行為，此混沌行為可透過外界控制以避免系統產生不規則行為。在這篇論文當中，我們運用最近提出的回饋控制方法¬—T±ε(先前用來降低大鼠心跳強弱交替的現象[24])，來控制生物與物理系統，分別為控制牛蛙心臟組織的跳動，與指南針的轉動。在兩個系統中，我們皆成功的抑制系統倍週期現象。對於心臟組織，控制方法為T±ε，也就是刺激周期為一固定常數Ｔ外加微小回饋擾動±ε；而對於指南針，回饋系統為電壓，稱為Ａ±ε，也就是刺激為一固定電壓A外加微小回饋擾動±ε。在指南針系統，ε值必須大於一臨界值才能有效的控制倍週期現象。更進一步，利用Ａ±ε 的控制方法，我們發現高週期的狀態可被控制到低週期或是混沌狀態，又或是非週期狀態可被控制成週期狀態。最後，我們利用數值遞迴映射(單峰映射與心臟復位映射)驗證這些結果，並以微分方程描述此非線性系統。

摘要(英)

Chaotic behaviors exist naturally in both physical and biological nonlinear systems
when they are driven periodically. These chaotic behaviors can be undesirable and control
is needed for the external drive to avoid irregular behaviors in these systems. We apply a
recently proposed feedback control method, known as T ± ε (developed for the suppression
of alternans in the hearts of rats [24]), to control the beating of the cardiac tissues of a bull
frog’s heart and the motion of a compass when they are driven externally by a periodic
signal with period T. In both cases, we suppress successfully the period doubling dynamics
of both systems. For the cardiac tissues, the control is the same as the T ± ε with the small
feedback perturbations on the driving period. However, for the compass, small feedback
perturbations are applied to the driving voltage A2 and we call this A ± ε method. In
this later case, there seem to be a critical epsilon such that suppression of period doubling
can be effective only when epsilon is larger than a critical value. Furthermore, by using
this A ± ε control method for the periodically driven compass, we find that high periods
states can be controlled to low periods states and even chaotic or non-periodic states can
be tamed to periodic states. These results are also verified numerically by using iterated
maps (Logistic Map and Cardiac Restitution Map) and a system differential equation to
describe these nonlinear systems.

關鍵字(中)

★ 牛蛙心臟
★ 混沌指南針
★ 心跳強弱交替
★ 回饋控制

關鍵字(英)

★ Frog′s heart
★ Chaotic Compass
★ Alternans
★ Feedback control

論文目次

page
摘要 iii
Abstract v
Acknowledgement vii
Contents ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Nonlinearity and Chaos : Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Bifurcation Diagram and Poincare Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Controlling Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 OGY Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.2 Pyragas Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.3 Feedback Control T ± ε and A ± ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 Differential Equation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5 Logistic Map and Cardiac Restitution Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2 Method 17
2.1 Frog Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.1 Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2 Measurement and Pulse Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.3 Experimental Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Compass Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.1 Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.2 Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.3 Error Estimate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 Result 31
3.1 Reproducing Published Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.1 Frog Experiment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.2 Compass Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2 Period-doubling Suppression Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.1 Frog Experiment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.2 Compass Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4 Conclusion 47
A Code 55
A.1 IDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

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指導教授

陳志強、黎璧賢

審核日期

2017-7-31

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