地下水流場之綜合評估與應用：以新竹尖石井場為例

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林佩瑩(Pei-Ying Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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應用地質研究所

論文名稱

地下水流場之綜合評估與應用：以新竹尖石井場為例
(Estimating regional groundwater recharge from fluctuations of groundwater level, well yields and multiple hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods at a well field near Chien- Shih area, Hsinchu, Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

根據德國Kassel大學環境系統研究中心統計之全球水文資料顯示台灣被歸類為缺水地區，台灣每年每人平均可使用之水資源 (4,074m3/yr) 僅有全世界平均值的五分之一 (21,796m3/yr) ，因此在台灣之特定區域、山區以及乾旱季節，地下水被視為重要的水資源。台灣平均年降雨量約為2500 毫米，但是伴隨著季節、地點與高程的不同，降雨量也隨之變化，又因地形陡峭以至於水不易儲存，若能推估準確且合理之補注來源，不但能有效應用地下水資源及避免資源耗竭，亦可瞭解地下水之逕流補注機制。本研究主要以三個項目進行討論：(1)監測地下水位歷線，包含抽水前後之變化反應、(2)分析地下水水質特性與同位素，以質量守恆計算評估地下水補注來源、(3)綜合比較研究區域內之雨水、地表水(河水與山坡滲水)特性。為釐清乾濕季之補注情況分別不同時期於N井進行抽水採樣，抽水期間收集特定時間之N、S和C井水樣分析氧同位素，亦即在不外加示蹤劑情況下，利用各種可能補注來源之氧同位素推估井場之補注來源與分量。為達到有效管理特定區域地下水目的，以瞭解地下水之遲滯時間則為保護水源及地下水流場評估之應用。根據同位素質量守恆之計算結果可知研究區域內山坡滲水以雨水為主要補注來源(13.7-46.3％)，而河水之補注來源除雨水外(11.9-16.7％)，顯示仍有其他穩定來源。在雨季，研究區域之地下水以集水區之山坡滲水為主要補注來源(71-100%)，其次為河水(0-86%)和雨水(0-32%)；在乾季，研究區域之地下水以集水區之山坡滲水為主要補注來源(44-100%)，其次為河水(11-88%)和雨水(0-31%)。為整合相關水文地質資訊，將地下水同位素資料結合過去檢測地球化學之相關數據、地質剖面資料與地區天水線用以建立研究區域之地下水流場概念模式以探討水來源及流徑。

摘要(英)

Based on global hydrological data, the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany, classified Taiwan as an area of water shortage. Water resources per capita in Taiwan (4,074m3/yr) are only one fifth of the world average (21,796m3/yr). In some regions and particularly during dry periods, groundwater is the only reliable water resource in Taiwan. This is particularly true for mountain regions. Estimating groundwater recharge is a key component in determining the potential yield and sustainable management of groundwater resources. The research presented here consists of three components: (a) groundwater level monitoring and pumping samplings; (b) assessment of groundwater composition and mass-balance based identification of recharge sources; (c) comparison of groundwater composition with surface water (spring and river) in the region. We established a monitoring network for groundwater levels at five wells located at the NCU Research well field near Chien-Shih area, Hsinchu. Moreover, groundwater was sampled at specific time intervals during a pumping sampling. Nearby river and spring water were also collected before and after pumping samplings. Stable oxygen isotopes of water samples were then analyzed. For the purpose of regional groundwater management, knowledge about the residence time of groundwater is an important parameter for planning groundwater protection and improvement measures. According to calculations based on mass-balance equations, the contribution of recharge from precipitation was much higher in spring water (13.7-46.3％) than in river (11.9-16.7％). In rainy season, the springs (71-100%) from the catchment in the study area is the major recharge source of groundwater than river (0-86%) and precipitation (0-32%). In dry season, the springs (44-100%) from the catchment in the study area is the major recharge source of groundwater than river (11-88%) and precipitation (0-31%). Finally, the isotopic data were compared with past geochemical characteristics of aquifer and local meteoric water line (LMWL) in Chien-Shih area. The research results provide insights into the recharge mechanism of the well field, in particular the sources and pathways of recharge.

關鍵字(中)

★ 地下水
★ 同位素
★ 水位
★ 抽水採樣
★ 補注
★ 遲滯時間

關鍵字(英)

★ Groundwater
★ Isotope
★ Water Table
★ Pumping Sampling
★ Conceptual Model
★ Recharge,

論文目次

Contents
Abstract i
摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables x
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Water resources in Taiwan: the role of groundwater 1
1.2 Study Area: Chien-Shih area, Hsinchu, Taiwan 4
1.3 The methods of groundwater investigations 5
1.4 Applications in flow path of groundwater 6
1.5 Objectives 7
1.6 The framework of study 8
2. Literature review 10
2.1 Groundwater investigation 10
2.1.1 Drilling and construction works 11
2.1.2 Geophysical measurements 13
2.1.3 Hydraulic methods 16
2.1.4 Hydrochemical investigations 19
2.2 Applications in flow path of groundwater 22
2.2.1 Case Study in Asia 23
2.2.2 Case Study in Europe 25
2.2.3 Case Study in North / South America 30
2.2.4 Case Study in other regions 34
2.3 Regional geology of Chien-Shih area, Hsinchu, Taiwan 39
2.3.1 Geology and topography 39
2.3.2 Climate condition and local meteoric water line 41
2.3.3 The background of well field and data logging 43
2.3.4 Previous studies of the NCU Research well field near Chien-Shih area 45
3. Sampling and analytical methods 65
3.1 Procedures of study 65
3.2 Pumping sampling 66
3.3 Sampling locations 68
3.3.1 Sampling locations of meteoric water 68
3.3.2 Sampling locations of surface water 68
3.3.3 Sampling locations of groundwater 68
3.4 Sampling procedures 70
3.5 Analytical methods 71
3.6 Modeling of Interactive Groundwater Water 71
4. Results and discussion 72
4.1 Hydrographs 72
4.2 General geochemical signatures of waters in the study area 74
4.3 Stable oxygen isotope of waters from different sources in the study area 76
4.4 Pumping sampling 81
4.5 Recharge sources and flow path 88
4.6 Conceptual model of flow system 91
5. Conclusions 93
References 95
Appendix 103
A.1 Analytical methods 103
A.1.1 pH value 103
A.1.2 Electrical conductivity 104
A.1.3 Oxygen isotope 104
A.1.4 Hydrogen isotope 106
A.1.5 On-site monitoring parameters: temperature, water table 108
A.2 Modeling of Interactive Groundwater Water 110
A.2.1 Flow equation 110
A.2.2 Transport equation 111

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指導教授

蔡龍珆(Louis Loung-Yie Tsai)

審核日期

2017-5-1

推文