探討菇包木屑與雞糞共發酵生產沼氣之研究

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姓名

張賀堯(HEYAO CHANG) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

探討菇包木屑與雞糞共發酵生產沼氣之研究

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摘要(中)

菇類是台灣大量食用的菌種之一，生產菇類的同時也產生了大量的廢棄菇包木屑，傳統上多半是利用堆肥的方式來處理，是能夠有效增加地力的方式，然而廢棄菇包木屑數量龐大，大半還是處於隨意棄置的狀態，過多時則以露天燃燒來處理，導致了空氣汙染，引發許多環保議題上的關注。因此，各國正積極研究如何有效利用這些農業廢棄物並轉換成我們可以利用的再生能源。
利用農業廢棄物來產生生質甲烷逐漸受到各國的重視，並且積極研究中，它具有許多經濟與環保上的效益，例如利用農業廢棄物為原料生產甲烷不僅成本低廉，同時也解決了廢棄物處理的問題，且可直接利用本地的農業廢棄物進行生產，不需要進口的國外的石化燃料。
然而農業廢棄物中，木質纖維素難以被微生物所降解，須要透過預處理的方式提高它的生物降解性，才能使微生物能有效的利用，將它轉換成各類型的能源。預處理的目的是破壞木質素的結構並溶解半纖維素和纖維素，之後轉化為木醣、葡萄糖等各類還原糖。目前研究已經發現利用預處理可以有效提高甲烷的產量，讓農業廢棄物能夠被更有效的利用，轉化成具有經濟效益的能源。
然而預處理的過程同時也會有許多伴隨而生的各式化學物，對於各類型的微生物造成了各種不同的影響，因此如何有效控制預處理生成的抑制物與對發酵有益的物質，是一個被廣泛討論的問題。目前研究發現利用吸附抑制物的方式，可以有效的提高甲烷的產量，是一個具有經濟效益的方式。
本研究利用各類型的酸預處理方式處理菇包木屑，在利用5%鹽酸處理60分鐘後，提升菇包木屑木質素降解與轉化成15.22 g/L的還原糖，之後比較不同預處理後的菇包木屑對甲烷的影響，當利用5%鹽酸預處理60分鐘時獲得960.83毫升的甲烷，再以預處理菇包木屑作為碳源與雞糞氮源混合，進行厭氧共發酵，並探討碳氮比以提升甲烷的產率，當利用菇包木屑與雞糞重量比例為4.56g:1g時，獲得最高每克乾重產氣107毫升，最後利用活性碳吸附預處理抑制物，討論對整體厭氧發酵產甲烷影響，發現以40g/L吸附60分鐘的狀況下，對於甲烷產氣具有明顯改善。

摘要(英)

Anaerobic digestion is a widely used technology with dual benefits for treating different types of organic wastes and generating biogas. In general, we directly use sludge and agricultural waste to produce methane in anaerobic fermentation. However, methane yield and growth rate of methanogens is limited by the degradation efficiency of agricultural waste rich in lignin. So we use acid pretreatment and the co-digestion to enhance our production.
My experiment uses acid pretreatment on SMS. Different concentration & type of acid are used for experiment parameter. Using 5% of hydrochloric acid for 60 min makes the highest reduced sugar which is about 15.22 g/L. After pretreatment, SMS & chicken manure are sent to anaerobic fermentation. The non-pretreatment SMS is the control group. The 60 min 5% hydrochloric acid pretreatment get the highest daily methane concentration and the total methane production. It’s about 346% to the control group. C/N ratio is also an important parameter in the experiment. We found that the methane production per total solid is increased by 23% to 107 mL/g when the C/R ratio rise to 20 from 11. Finally, we discuss the inhibitor in the fermentation. HMF is the main inhibitor in the fermentation and it comes from the hydrolysis in acid pretreatment. Using activated carbon to absorb is the way to solve it, but it will also absorb the reducing sugar. We found that using 40 g/L of activated carbon absorb 60min makes the methane production increased by 33%. It is an effective way to increase the methane production.

關鍵字(中)

★ 共發酵
★ 預處理
★ 碳氮比

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 生質能源 4
2-2 生質甲烷 4
2-3 生質甲烷厭氧發酵 6
2-4 厭氧發酵環境因子 8
2-5菇包木屑(spent mushroom substrate,SMS) 13
2-6 菇包木屑組成與預處理方式 14
2-6.1菇包木屑組成 14
2-6.2預處理方式 18
2-7 酸水解液中副產物衍生機制與去除 24
2-7.1 5-羥甲基糠醛(HMF)的產生與對發酵的影響 24
2-7.2 有害物質去除方法 25
2-8 木質纖維素應用於甲烷生產 26
2-9雞糞 27
第三章材料與方法 29
3-1 實驗流程設計 29
3-2 實驗材料 30
3-2.1 菇包木屑 30
3-2.2 雞糞 31
3-2.3 厭氧植種汙泥 31
3-2.4 實驗藥品 32
3-2.5 實驗儀器與設備 33
3-3 實驗方法 34
3-3.1 菇包木屑的酸預處理 34
3-3.2 甲烷厭氧發酵 35
3-3.3 不同C/N ratio下甲烷厭氧發酵 36
3-3.4 活性碳吸附預處理菇包木屑與厭氧發酵 37
3-4 分析方法 38
3-4.1 總固體量(Total Solid，TS)測定 38
3-4.2 揮發性固體量(Volatile Solids，VS)測定 38
3-4.3 每日產氣量量測 39
3-4.4 氣體層析儀---火焰離子化偵測器操作程序(GC—FID) 39
3-4.5 甲烷含量分析方法 42
3-4.6 揮發性脂肪酸分析方法 44
3-4.7 5-羥甲基糠醛分析方法 44
3-4.8 還原醣定量分析方法 46
第四章實驗結果與討論 48
4-1 酸預處理後對菇包木屑的還原糖含量影響 48
4-1.1 鹽酸處理後還原糖含量 48
4-1.2 硫酸處理後還原糖含量 49
4-2不同預處理條件下甲烷厭氧發酵 50
4-2.1 不同預處理方式對菇包木屑甲烷百分比影響 50
4-2.2 不同預處理方式對菇包木屑沼氣日產氣影響 53
4-2.3 不同預處理方式對菇包木屑甲烷總產氣影響 55
4-2.4 不同預處理方式對菇包木屑之揮發性脂肪酸與pH影響 57
4-3不同C/N ratio下甲烷厭氧發酵 61
4-3.1 不同碳氮比對菇包木屑甲烷百分比影響 61
4-3.2 不同碳氮比對菇包木屑沼氣日產氣影響 62
4-3.4 不同碳氮比對菇包木屑之揮發性脂肪酸與pH影響 64
4-4 酸預處理的產生抑制物與活性碳吸附處理 66
4-4.1 酸預處理後5-羥甲基糠醛(HMF)含量 66
4-4.2 利用活性碳(Active carbon)吸附對抑制物與還原糖含量影響 68
4-4.3以活性碳吸附後進行厭氧發酵 70
第五章結論與建議 74
5-1 結論 74
5-2 建議 75
第六章參考文獻 77

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指導教授

徐敬衡

審核日期

2018-7-16

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