混摻氮於有序中孔洞碳材的合成、鑑定及應用 暨 複合式高分子電解質之製備及特性分析

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林建樺(Chien-Hua Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

混摻氮於有序中孔洞碳材的合成、鑑定及應用暨複合式高分子電解質之製備及特性分析

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摘要(中)

本論文研究主要分為兩個部分。第一部分是採用奈米模鑄法 (nanocasting)合成具有氮混摻之有序中孔洞碳材 (ordered mesoporous carbons with N-doped, N-OMCs)。首先以非離子型界面活性劑 (nonionic surfactants) P123作為有機模板 (organic template)，和四乙基矽氧烷 (tetraethoxysilane, TEOS)在酸性水溶液中均勻混合，加入低分子量的醇類做為微胞修飾劑 (modifier)，利用多成份共自組裝現象 (multi-component cooperative assembly)合成具立方體Ia3d排列中孔洞氧化矽 (mesoporous silica) KIT-6。之後以KIT-6的奈米級孔洞做為硬膜板(hard-template)，填入含有氮混摻之碳源前驅物(Resorcinol and Melamine)，以900 °C碳化反應 (carbonization) 將前驅物碳化形成碳材，最後移除氧化矽硬模板後，成功合成出N-OMCs。
在材料的應用方面，利用合成之N-OMCs做染料吸附之實驗，藉此探討對不同染料分子吸附能力的影響。依據Langmuir及Freundlich等溫吸附模型的分析，經由實驗結果發現，本研究合成出之N-OMCs較符合Langmuir等溫吸附模式所假設的單層吸附模式，較其他等溫吸附模式更適合描述有序中孔洞碳材吸附染料的狀況。
另一方面，本研究也將N-OMCs做進一步的應用，利用N-OMCs做為載體吸附Sn金屬離子後，再加以高溫鍛燒，成功合成出具二氧化錫之奈米顆粒(Nanoparticles)的金屬氧化物之有序中孔洞碳材；其奈米顆粒的尺寸的大小約為4～5 nm，並將此材料應用做鋰離子電池之陽極材料。
第二部分則為開發新型複合式固態高分子電解質(solid polymer electrolytes, SPEs)。實驗採用三嵌段結構的高分子Jeffamine ED2003、ED900及ED600，分別與做為主鏈段的另一高分子聚丙烯? (polyacrylonitrile, PAN)反應，形成梳狀結構之複合式固態高分子電解質。此類型固態電解質的導電度表現以ED900的系列較佳，在30 °C時的最佳離子導電度可達到6.28 × 10-5 S/cm，電化學穩定性可承受在3.0～3.5 V的氧化裂解電壓。

摘要(英)

The focus of this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is the use of nanocasting synthesis ordered mesoporous carbons with nitrogen-doped (N-OMCs). First, nonionic surfactants (P123) were used as organic templates, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were homogeneously mixed in acidic aqueous solution. Low molecular weight alcohols were added as microcells modifier. KIT-6 with cube Ia3d arrangement was synthesized by multi-component cooperative assembly. Then, the KIT-6 nanoscale porous were used as the hard-template, and filled with a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor (Resorcinol and Melamine). The precursor was treated with 900 °C carbonization to form carbon material, and finally remove the hard template of silicon oxide.
The N-OMCs was successfully synthesized, characterized and employed as adsorbents for dye removal. The equilibrium adsorption capacities were estimated to quantitatively assess the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents using Methylen Blue (MB) and Victoria Blue B (VB-B) etc. as the model dyes respectively. The plots obtained from the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for adsorption of MB and VB-B etc. by the present adsorbents, and the correlation coefficients (R2) deduced from the experimental data by these two isotherm models. According to the value of R2, the Langmuir isotherm model gives a much better fit to the adsorption data than the Freundlich isotherm model. The fitting results suggest that the dye adsorption behavior for MB and VB-B etc., on the N-OMCs surface involves a monolayer adsorption process.
On the other hand, this study will also used N-OMCs for further application. The metal oxide of SnO2 nanoparticles were successfully supported on N-OMCs (denoted SnO2@N-OMCs) via wet impregnation, and the diameter size were around 4~5 nm. Sn2+ metal ions were adsorbed by N-OMCs as carriers and then calcined by high temperature (300 °C) calcination to form the SnO2 metal oxide. These materials will be used as a anode of the Lithium ion battery.
The second part is the development of new composite solid polymer electrolyte. The composite solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with comb structure (denoted PEDx, x=6, 9, 20) were successfully synthesized, and characterized. The polymers of the three-block structure Jeffamine ED2003, ED900 and ED600 were used to react with CN triple bond of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the main segment to form the composite SPEs with comb structure. The conductivity of the SPEs were the series of ED900 with an optimum ionic conductivity of 6.28 x 10-5 S/cm at 30 °C and electrochemical stability at 3.5~4.0 V for oxidative cracking Voltage. The high ionic conductivity of SPEs will be used in lithium ion batteries charge and discharge test.

關鍵字(中)

★ 中孔洞碳材
★ 奈米金屬顆粒
★ 奈米氧化金屬
★ 鋰離子電池
★ 固態電解質

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
頁次
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xi
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xvi
一、緒論………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1-1孔洞材料合成發展與文獻回顧………………………………………………………………………1
1-1-1中孔洞材料的定義………………………………………………………………………………………2
1-1-2中孔洞材料的簡介………………………………………………………………………………………3
1-1-3界面活性劑性質簡介……………………………………………………………………………………4
1-2中孔洞碳材的歷史演進與文獻回顧……………………………………………………………12
1-2-1中孔洞碳材合成發展…………………………………………………………………………………12
1-2-2奈米模鑄法合成規則有序中孔洞碳材發展簡介………………………………15
1-2-3界面活性劑模造法合成規則有序中孔洞碳材發展簡介…………………17
1-3中孔洞材料之吸附發展及應用介紹……………………………………………………………20
1-3-1中孔洞材料吸附染料之發展應用…………………………………………………………20
1-3-2中孔洞材料吸附金屬之發展應用…………………………………………………………23
1-4複合式高分子電解質材料之合成發展及文獻回顧…………………………27
1-4-1 鋰離子電池簡介………………………………………………………………………………………27
1-4-2 高分子電解質……………………………………………………………………………………………29
1-4-3膠態高分子電解質……………………………………………………………………………………30
1-4-4固態高分子電解質……………………………………………………………………………………32
1-4-5無機複合高分子電解質……………………………………………………………………………42
1-4-6固態高分子電解質傳導機制……………………………………………………………………42
1-5鋰離子電池負極材料之合成發展及文獻回顧…………………………………………46
1-5-1碳材類負極材料之簡介及文獻回顧………………………………………………………47
1-5-2非碳材類負極材料之簡介及文獻回顧…………………………………………………51
1-5-3以金屬氧化物載覆於碳材的負極材料…………………………………………………52
二、研究內容與方法………………………………………………………………………………………………57
2-1研究想法及動機………………………………………………………………………………………………57
2-2實驗藥品……………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
2-3實驗步驟……………………………………………………………………………………………………………61
2-3-1合成有序中孔洞矽材KIT-6……………………………………………………………………61
2-3-2以奈米模鑄法合成有序中孔洞碳材CMK-8…………………………………………61
2-3-3以奈米模鑄法合成含氮有序中孔洞碳材CMK-8Nx……………………………62
2-3-4染料吸附實驗………………………………………………………………………………………………63
2-3-5利用CMK-8Nx吸附鎳金屬製備奈米鎳金屬顆粒………………………………63
2-3-6利用CMK-8Nx吸附錫離子製備二氧化錫奈米顆粒……………………………64
2-3-6高分子電解質製備………………………………………………………………………………………64
2-4實驗儀器設備……………………………………………………………………………………………………67
2-4-1實驗合成設備………………………………………………………………………………………………67
2-4-2實驗鑑定儀器………………………………………………………………………………………………67
2-5儀器分析原理……………………………………………………………………………………………………69
2-5-1 X-射線粉末繞射(Powder X-ray diffraction, XRD)……69
2-5-2氮氣等溫吸脫附…………………………………………………………………………………………70
2-5-3熱重分析………………………………………………………………………………………………………71
2-5-4紫外光-可見光光譜…………………………………………………………………………………72
2-5-5傅立葉紅外線吸收光譜……………………………………………………………………………73
2-5-6固態核磁共振………………………………………………………………………………………………74
2-5-7掃描式電子顯微鏡……………………………………………………………………………………77
2-5-8穿透式電子顯微鏡……………………………………………………………………………………77
2-5-9微差掃描熱卡計…………………………………………………………………………………………78
2-5-10交流阻抗分析……………………………………………………………………………………………79
2-5-11線性掃描伏安法………………………………………………………………………………………80
2-5-12 X-光光電子能譜……………………………………………………………………………………80
三、實驗結果與討論………………………………………………………………………………………………81
3-1混摻氮之有序中孔洞碳材CMK-8的鑑定討論…………………………………………81
3-1-1 XRD結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………81
3-1-2氮氣等溫吸附/脫附結果分析…………………………………………………………………84
3-1-3熱重分析 (TGA)………………………………………………………………………………………87
3-1-4 SEM結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………89
3-1-5 TEM結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………90
3-1-6元素分析(EA)及X-ray光電子能譜(XPS)………………………………………91
3-2混摻氮之有序中孔洞碳材吸附染料之實驗討論……………………………………94
3-2-1亞甲基藍 (Methylene blue)吸附實驗………………………………………94
3-2-1-1 校正檢量線製作結果…………………………………………………………………………94
3-2-1-2不同起始濃度下吸附結果…………………………………………………………………94
3-2-1-3等溫吸附模型(Adsorption isotherm model)分析………95
3-2-2維多利亞藍(Victoria Blue B)吸附實驗……………………………………99
3-2-2-1 校正檢量線製作結果…………………………………………………………………………99
3-2-2-2不同起始濃度下吸附結果…………………………………………………………………99
3-2-2-3等溫吸附模型(Adsorption isotherm model)分析………100
3-2-3孔雀石綠(Malachite Green)吸附實驗吸附實驗……………………103
3-2-3-1 校正檢量線製作結果………………………………………………………………………103
3-2-3-2不同起始濃度下吸附結果…………………………………………………………………103
3-2-3-3等溫吸附模型(Adsorption isotherm model)分析………104
3-2-4剛果紅(Congo Red)吸附實驗吸附實驗…………………………………………107
3-2-4-1 校正檢量線製作結果………………………………………………………………………107
3-2-4-2不同起始濃度下吸附結果…………………………………………………………………107
3-2-4-3等溫吸附模型(Adsorption isotherm model)分析………108
3-3混摻氮之有序中孔洞碳材吸附奈米金屬顆粒之實驗討論…………………111
3-3-1 XRD結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………111
3-3-2氮氣等溫吸附/脫附結果分析………………………………………………………………115
3-4梳狀支鏈型複合式高分子電解質PED-x-y……………………………………………117
3-4-1微差掃描熱卡計量測………………………………………………………………………………117
3-4-2紅外線吸收光譜之鑑定分析…………………………………………………………………122
3-4-3固態核磁共振骨架鑑定……………………………………………………………………………132
3-4-4交流阻抗儀之離子導電度測試………………………………………………………………134
3-4-5熱重量分析…………………………………………………………………………………………………140
3-4-6線性掃描伏安法(Linear scan voltammetry)………………………142
3-5中孔洞碳材及二氧化錫複合式負極材料之實驗討論……………………………145
3-5-1 XRD結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………145
3-5-2 SEM及TEM結果分析………………………………………………………………………………147
3-5-3 XPS結果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………149
3-5-4充放電循環電性測試結果探討………………………………………………………………151
四、結論……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………153
4-1混摻氮之有序中孔洞碳材……………………………………………………………………………153
4-2梳狀支鏈型複合式高分子電解質………………………………………………………………154
五、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………………………………155

參考文獻

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指導教授

高憲明

審核日期

2018-7-23

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