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姓名	陳思卉(Sih-Huei Chen)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	資訊工程學系
論文名稱	機率型潛在變數模型於資料表示法學習 (Probabilistic Latent Variable Model for Learning Data Representation)
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摘要(中)	本論文針對離散及連續的潛在空間，提出基於機率型潛在變數模型 (Probabilistic Latent Variable Model) 的三種表示學習方法。對於離散型的潛在變數，本論文提出基於高斯階層型潛在狄氏配置 (Gaussian Hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation, GhLDA) 的階層表示法以捕捉低階特徵參數的潛在特性。我們藉由發展一個能夠自行調整架構之階層樹狀混合模型來學習資料的潛藏表示，其對於不同類別之間的細微差別可以很好地建模。對於連續型的潛在變數，本論文提出兩個基於連續潛在變數的表示學習方法。其一，本論文提出複數高斯潛在變數模型 (Complex-Valued Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model, CGPLVM) 來學習資料的複數表示。模型的主要概念為假設複數的資料為其對應之低維度潛在變數的函數，其中此函數來自一個複數的高斯過程。此外，我們試圖保留資料的全域及局部結構並同時鼓勵學到的表示具有鑑別能力，因此我們將原複數高斯潛在變數模型的目標函數加入了對於複數資料而設計的局部保留項及鑑別項。其二，本論文提出基於變分自編碼器 (Variational Autoencoder, VAE) 及高斯過程分類器 (Gaussian Process Classifier, GPC) 之深度協同學習 (Deep collaborative learning) 方法。我們將高斯過程分類器結合至變分自編碼器，讓變分自編碼器在學習表示的過程中能夠考慮到類別資訊，並同時訓練分類器。我們提出的表示很好地區分類別之間的資料變異，並增加了原本基於變分自編碼器之表示的鑑別能力。所開發的方法之效能在多媒體的資料上進行評估，實驗結果證明了所提出方法的優越性能，特別是對於只有少量訓練資料的情況。
摘要(英)	Probabilistic framework has emerged as a powerful technique for representation learning. This dissertation proposes probabilistic latent variable model-based representation learning methods that involve both discrete and continuous latent spaces. For a discrete latent space, a hierarchical representation that is based on the Gaussian hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation (G-hLDA) is proposed for capturing the latent characteristics of low-level features. Representation is learned by constructing an infinitely deep and branching tree-structured mixture model, which effectively models the subtle differences among classes. For a continuous latent space, a novel complex-valued latent variable model, named the complex-valued Gaussian process latent variable model (CGPLVM), is developed for discovering a compressed complex-valued representation of complex-valued data. The key concept of CGPLVM is that complex-valued data is approximated by a low-dimensional complex-valued latent representation through a function that is drawn from a complex Gaussian process. Additionally, we attempt to preserve both global and local data structures while promoting discrimination. A new objective function that incorporates a locality-preserving and a discriminative term for complex-valued data is presented. Then, a deep collaborative learning framework that is based on a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a Gaussian process (GP) is proposed to represent multimedia data with greater discriminative power than previously achieved. A Gaussian process classifier is incorporated into the VAE to guide a VAE-based representation, which distinguishes variations of data among classes and achieves the dual goals of reconstruction and classification. The developed methods are evaluated using multimedia data. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed methods, especially for situations with only a small number of training data.
關鍵字(中)	★ 潛在變數模型 ★ 高斯過程 ★ 深度學習	關鍵字(英)	★ Latent Variable Model ★ Gaussian Process ★ Deep Learning
論文目次	摘要 xi Abstract xiii Acknowledgement xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Probabilistic Latent Variable Models 2 1.2.1 Discrete Latent Variable Models 2 1.2.2 Continuous Latent Variable Models 4 1.3 Organization of This Dissertation 7 2 Preliminary 9 2.1 Gaussian Process (GP) 9 2.2 Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GPLVM) 11 2.3 Variational Auto-encoder (VAE) 13 2.4 Hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (hLDA) 14 3 Hierarchical Representation Based on Bayesian Non-parametric Tree-structured Mixture Model 19 3.1 Overview 19 3.2 Related Works 21 3.3 Model 23 3.3.1 Gaussian Hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (G-hLDA) 23 3.3.2 Probabilistic Inference 25 3.3.3 Hierarchical Representation 27 3.4 Experimental Results 28 3.4.1 Database and Experimental Settings 28 3.4.2 Performance Metrics 29 3.4.3 Convergence analysis for the proposed method 30 3.4.4 Effects of Depth L 30 3.4.5 Discriminative Ability of Hierarchical Representation 31 3.4.6 Comparison of Proposed Methods and Baselines 35 3.5 Discussion 35 4 Complex-Valued Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model 37 4.1 Overview 37 4.1.1 Speech Enhancement 37 4.1.2 Sound Event Recognition 38 4.2 Related Works 40 4.2.1 Speech Enhancement 40 4.2.2 Sound Event Recognition 43 4.3 CGPLVM for Speech Enhancement 47 4.3.1 Missing data masks 47 4.3.2 GPLVM-based reconstruction of STFT magnitude 48 4.3.3 Phase-incorporating reconstruction of complex-valued STFT coefficient 49 4.4 CGPLVM for Sound Event Recognition 50 4.4.1 Complex-Valued Feature Extraction 50 4.4.2 CGPLVM-Based Robust Representation 53 4.5 Experimental Results 56 4.5.1 Speech Enhancement 56 4.5.2 Sound Event Recognition 65 4.6 Discussion 68 4.6.1 Speech Enhancement 68 4.6.2 Sound Event Recognition 69 5 Supervised Guiding in Complex-Valued Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model 71 5.1 Related Works 72 5.1.1 Face Recognition 72 5.1.2 Music Emotion Recognition 73 5.2 Model 74 5.2.1 Locality-Preserving and Discriminative Constraints for Complex-valued Data 74 5.2.2 Model Inference for LPD-CGPLVM 76 5.2.3 Prediction with New Test Complex-valued Data 76 5.3 Experimental Results 77 5.3.1 Visualization on MHMC database 77 5.3.2 Robust Face Recognition 79 5.3.3 Music Emotion Recognition 82 5.4 Discussion 83 6 Deep Collaborative Learning of Variational Auto-encoder and Gaussian Process 85 6.1 Overview 85 6.2 Related Works 86 6.3 Model 87 6.3.1 Preprocessing 87 6.3.2 Collaborative Learning 88 6.3.3 Model Inference 89 6.3.4 Prediction 90 6.4 Experimental Results 90 6.4.1 Experimental Settings and Performance Metrics 90 6.4.2 Baseline Methods 91 6.4.3 Settings of Parameters 92 6.4.4 Classification of Playing Techniques under Noisy Conditions 93 6.4.5 Comparison of Proposed Method and Baselines 94 6.5 Discussion 95 7 Conclusion and Future work 97 7.1 Summary of Contributions 97 7.2 Future Work 98 Bibliography 101 A Gibbs Sampling for GhLDA 113 B Derivation of Objective of Complex-Valued GPLVM 117 C Publication List 119
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指導教授	王家慶(Jia-Ching Wang)	審核日期	2018-8-17
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