微量鋯與均質化對Al-4.9Cu-1.2Mg合金微結構與機械性質之影響

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：38

、訪客IP：18.222.115.217

姓名

許元達(Yuan-Da Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

微量鋯與均質化對Al-4.9Cu-1.2Mg合金微結構與機械性質之影響
(Effect of minor Zr and homogenization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4.9Cu-1.2Mg alloys)

相關論文

★ 非破壞性探討安定化熱處理對Al-7Mg鍛造合金微結構、機械與腐蝕性質之影響	★ 非破壞性探討安定化熱處理對Al-10Mg鍛造合金微結構、機械與腐蝕性質之影響
★ 冷加工與熱處理對AA7055鍛造型鋁合金微結構與機械性質的影響	★ 冷抽量對AA7055(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)-T6態合金腐蝕性質和微結構之影響
★ 熱力微照射製作絕緣層矽晶材料之研究	★ 分流擠型和微量Sc對Al-5.6Mg-0.7Mn合金微結構及熱加工性之影響
★ 銀對於鎂鎳儲氫合金吸放氫及電化學性質之研究	★ 氧化物催化劑對亞共晶Mg-Ni合金之儲放氫特性研究
★ 熱處理對7050鋁合金應力腐蝕與含鈧鋁薄膜特性之影響研究	★ Ti-V-Cr與Mg-Co基BCC儲氫合金性質研究
★ 鋰-鋁基及鋰-氮基複合儲氫材料之製程開發及研究	★ 銅、鎂含量與熱處理對Al-14.5Si-Cu-Mg合金拉伸、熱穩定與磨耗性質之影響
★ 恆溫蒸發熔煉鑄造製程合成鎂基介金屬化合物及其氫化特性之研究	★ 無電鍍鎳多壁奈米碳管對Mg-23.5wt.%Ni共晶合金儲放氫特性之影響
★ 微量Sc對A356鑄造鋁合金機械性質之影響	★ 熱處理對車用鋁合金材料熱穩定性與表面性質之影響

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

本研究以差示掃描量熱儀(DSC)、電子微探儀(FE-EPMA)、光學顯微鏡(OM)、導電度量測(%IACS)、電子顯微鏡(TEM、SEM-EBSD)等分析Al-4.9Cu-1.2Mg (AA2024)高強度鋁合金微結構，並以硬度及拉伸試驗，探討微量鋯與均質化對T4態AA2024鋁合金微結構與機械性質之影響。

摘要(英)

Using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (FE-EPMA), the optical microscope (OM), the electrical conductivity meter (% IACS), the electron microscope (TEM, SEM-EBSD), tensile test and hardness test to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. In order to discuss the effect of minor Zr and homogenization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the T4 state of Al-4.9Cu-1.2Mg (AA2024) alloys.

關鍵字(中)

★ AA2024
★ 鋯
★ 均質化熱處理
★ 共晶熔解溫度
★ 再結晶微結構
★ 機械性質

關鍵字(英)

★ AA2024
★ Zirconium
★ Homogenization
★ Eutectic melting temperature
★ Microstructure
★ Mechanical properties

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
總目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
一、前言與文獻回顧 1
1.1 AA2024鋁合金簡介 2
1.1.1 析出強化機制 2
1.1.2 AA2024之析出過程、時效熱處理與時效硬化曲線 4
1.2 鋁合金之熱加工性質 7
1.2.1 鋁合金擠製性 (Extrudability) 7
1.2.2 合金擠製性(擠製速度)之限制 8
1.2.3 均質化與元素對合金微結構與固相溫度之影響 10
1.2.3 (a)均質化對鋁合金熱加工性質之影響 10
1.2.3 (b)合金元素對2000系鋁合金固相溫度之影響 10
1.3 鋁合金之再結晶與晶粒細化 13
1.3.1 鋁合金冷加工與製程退火 13
1.3.2 再結晶動力－冷加工 (儲存能)與再結晶溫度 14
1.3.3 晶粒細化－抑制再結晶與晶粒成長 14
1.3.3 (a)添加微量元素Mn, Zr, Sc對鋁合金再結晶之影響 14
1.3.3 (b)均質化熱處理對鋁合金微結構之影響 22
二、實驗方法與步驟 25
2.1合金鑄造與實驗步驟 25
2.1.1合金熔配 25
2.1.2均質化 26
2.1.3熱輥軋與退火 26
2.1.4冷輥軋與T4熱處理 26
2.2實驗流程圖、實驗儀器與試片取樣圖 27
2.3微觀結構觀察與分析 30
2.3.1光學顯微鏡 (Optical Microscopy, OM) 30
2.3.2電子微探儀 (High-Resolution Hyper Probe, FE-EPMA) 30
2.3.3差式掃描量熱儀 (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) 30
2.3.4導電度量測(Electrical Conductivity) 31
2.3.5穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) 31
2.3.6掃描式電子顯微鏡(Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD) 31
2.4機械性質分析 32
2.4.1硬度試驗(Hardness) 32
2.4.2拉伸試驗(Tensile test) 32
三、結果與討論 33
3.1微觀結構分析 33
3.1.1 鑄態與均質態之微結構 33
3.1.1 (a)光學顯微鏡觀察與電子微探儀分析－晶出相分析 33
3.1.1 (b)差示掃描量熱儀分析 41
3.1.1 (d)穿透式電子顯微鏡分析 45
3.1.2 導電度分析 49
3.1.3 冷輥與T4態之微結構 51
3.1.3 (a)光學顯微鏡觀察－晶粒形貌分析 51
3.1.3 (b)掃描式電子顯微鏡－EBSD分析 60
3.2機械性質與破斷微結構分析 62
四、結論 64
五、參考資料 65

參考文獻

[ASTM1] ASTM B209M?14, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric), (2014)
[ASTM2] ASTM B918/B918M?17a, Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys, (2017)
[ASTM3] ASTM E8/E8M?16a, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, (2016)
[ASTM4] ASTM E112?13, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size, (2014)
[ASTM5] ASTM E1558?09, Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens, (2014)
[BEL] N.A. Belov, A.N. Alabin, “Effect of Zr additions and annealing temperature on electrical conductivity and hardness of hot-rolled Al sheets”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25, pp.2817?2826 (2015)
[CAB] M. Cabibbo, E. Evangelista, and S. Spigarelli, “Microstructural Characterization of Secondary-Phase Particles in a Hot-Deformed Al-Cu-Mg-Zr Alloy”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35A, pp.293-300 (2004)
[CEPEDA] C.M. Cepeda-Jimenez?, O.A. Ruano, M. Carsi, F. Carreno, ”Study of hot deformation of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy using processing maps and microstructural characterization”, Materials Science and Engineering, A552, pp.530– 539 (2012)
[CHEN1] Y. Q. Chen, S. P. Pan “Formation mechanisms and evolution of precipitate free zones at grain boundaries in an Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy during homogenization”, J Material Science, Vol.51, pp7780–7792(2016)
[CHEN2] Z. W. Chen, P. Chen, S.H. Lee “Effect of Ce addition on microstructure of Al20Cu2Mn3 twin phase in an Al–Cu–Mn casting alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.532, pp.606– 609 (2012)
[CHENG] S. Cheng, Y. H. Zhao “Optimizing the strength and ductility of fine structured 2024 Al alloy by nano-precipitation”, Acta Materialia, Vol.55, pp.5822–5832 (2007)
[DAV1] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.34-36 (2007)
[DAV2] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.39-40 (2007)
[DAV3] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.41-46 (2007)
[DAV4] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.71-73 (2007)
[DAV5] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.95 (2007)
[DAV6] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.290-327 (2007)
[DAV7] J.R. Davis and Associates, “ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, pp.488 (2007)
[DAVY] V.G. Davydov, T.D. Rostova, “Scientific principles of making an alloying addition of scandium to aluminum alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering, A280, pp. 30-36.(2000)
[GAZ] Marat Gazizov, Viktor Teleshov, “Solidification behavior and the effects of homogenization on the structure of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Sc alloy”, J. Alloys Comp., Vol.509, pp.9497–9507(2011)
[GRA] Gra?yna Mrowka - Nowotnik, Jan Sieniawski, “Analysis of intermetallic phases in 2024 aluminum alloy”, Solid State Phenomena, Vol.197, pp238-243(2013)
[GUO] Z.Y. Guo, G. Zhao, “Effects of two-step homogenization on precipitation behavior of Al3Zr dispersoids and recrystallization resistance in 7150 aluminum alloy”, Materials Characterization, Vol.102, pp.122–130 (2015)
[TEL] V.V. Teleshov, E.Ya. Kaputkin, A.P. Golovleva, and N.P. Kosmacheva, “Temperature ranges of phase transformations and mechanical properties of alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag system with various Cu/Mg ratio”, Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol.47, Nos.3-4, pp.139-144 (2005)
[HUM1] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd, pp.109-119 (2004)
[HUM2] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd, pp.170-213 (2004)
[HUM3] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd,pp.215-228 (2004)
[HUM4] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd,pp.287-308 (2004)
[HUM5] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd,pp.333-339 (2004)
[HUM6] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd,pp.370-378 (2004)
[HUM7] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, “Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena”, ELSEVIER Ltd,pp.415-450 (2004)
[JIA1] M. Jia, Z. Zheng “Microstructure evolution of the 1469 Al–Cu–Li–Sc alloy during homogenization”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol.614, pp.131–139 (2014)
[JIA2] Zhi-Hong Jia, ”Precipitation behavior of Al3Zr precipitate in Al-Cu-Zr and Al-Cu-Zr-Ti-V alloys”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22, pp.1860-1865 (2012)
[KAS] K. T. KASHYAP “Effect of zirconium addition on the recrystallization behavior of a commercial Al–Cu–Mg alloy”, Material Science, Vol.24, No.6, pp.643–648 (2001)
[KEI1] Keith E. Knipling, David C. Dunand, David N. Seidman, “Precipitation evolution in Al–Zr and Al–Zr–Ti alloys during isothermal aging at 375-425℃”, Acta Materialia 56, pp.114–127 (2008)
[KEI2] Keith E. Knipling, Richard A. Karnesky, Constance P. Lee, “Precipitation Evolution in Al-0.1Sc, Al-0.1Zr, and Al-0.1Sc-0.1Zr (at.%) alloys during isochronal Aging”, Acta Materialia, Vol.58, Issue15, pp.5184-5195 (2010)
[LEE] S. L. Lee, C. T. Wu “Effects of Minor Sc and Zr on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-4.6Cu-0.3Mg-0.6Ag Alloys”, JMEPEG, Vol.24, pp.1165–1172(2015)
[LES] D. Lesniak, M. Bronicki, A. Woznicki, ”High-temperature homogenization of Al-Cu-Mg alloys for extrusion in T5 temper”, Archives of metallurgy and materials, Volume 55, Issue 2, pp.500-513 (2010)
[MSIT1] M.S.I.T. “Landolt-Bornstein - Group IV Physical Chemistry: Ternary Alloy Systems: Phase Diagrams, Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data: Al-Cu-Mg(Aluminum-Copper-Magnesium)”, Vol. 11A2, pp.47-78
[MSIT2] M.S.I.T. “Landolt-Bornstein - Group IV Physical Chemistry: Ternary Alloy Systems: Phase Diagrams, Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data: Al-Cu-Mn(Aluminum-Copper-Manganese)”, Vol. 11A2, pp.79-96
[MUR] J. L. Murry, “The aluminium-copper system”, International Metals Reviews, Vol.30, NO.5, pp.212-233 (1985)
[NAM] S. W. Nam and D. H. Lee “The Effect of Mn on the Mechanical Behavior of AI Alloys”, Metals and materials, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 13-16(2000)
[NIKO] Nikolay A. Belov, Dmitry G. Eskin, “Multiple phase diagram-Alloys of the Al-Cu-Mn-(Mg, Fe, Si) system”, Elsevier Science, Chapter 5, pp.159-192, (2005)
[NOW] G. M. Nowotnik and J. Sieniawski, “Analysis of intermetallic phases in 2024 aluminum alloy”, Solid State Phenomena, Vol.197, pp.238-243 (2013)
[RAM] P. Rambabu, N. Eswara Prasad, V.V. Kutumbarao and R.J.H. Wanhill, “Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies – Vol.1 – Chapter 2: Aluminum alloys for aerospace applications”, Springer Science, pp. 29-52 (2017)
[RANA] R. S. Rana, Rajesh Purohit, and S Das “Reviews on the Influences of Alloying elements on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Alloy Composites”, A International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June (2012)
[RIC] Richard Rajan, Paul Kah, Belinga Mvola and Jukka Martikainen, “Trends in aluminum alloy development and their joining methods”, Review Advance Material Science, Vol.44, pp.383-397 (2016)
[RIND] B. Rinderer, “The metallurgy of homogenization”, Materials Science Forum, Vol.693, pp 264-275 (2011)
[ROB] J.D. Robson, “A new model for prediction of dispersoid precipitation in aluminum alloys containing zirconium and scandium”, Acta Materialia, Vol.52, pp.1409–1421 (2004)
[SAHA] Pradip K. Saha, and Associates, “Aluminum Extrusion Technology”, ASM International Materials Park, Ohio, Chapter.7, pp.187-190 (2000)
[SEM] S.L. Semiatin, and Associates “ASM Handbook: Metalworking: Bulk Forming - Extrusion of Aluminum Alloys”, ASM International Materials Park, Vol.14A, pp. 552-557 (2008)
[SHIH] H.C. Shih, N.J. Ho, and J.C. Huang, “Precipitation Behaviors in Al-Cu-Mg and 2024 Aluminum Alloys “, Metallurgical and materials transaction A , Vol. 27A, pp.2479-2494 (1996)
[STA] E. A. Starke, Jr and J. T. Staley, “Application of modern Aluminum alloys to aircraft”, Aerospace Sci., Vol.32, pp. 131-172 (1996)
[STAR1] M.J. Starink, “Analysis of aluminum-based alloys by calorimetry: quantitative analysis of reactions and reaction kinetics”, International Materials Reviews, Vol.49, No.3-4, pp.191-226 (2004)
[STAR2] M.J. Starink, N. Gao, N. Kamp, “Relations between microstructure, precipitation, age-formability and damage tolerance of Al-Cu-Mg-Li (Mn,Zr,Sc) alloys for age forming”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 418, pp 241-249 (2006)
[STAR3] M.J. Starink, N. Gao, J.L. Yan, “The origins of room temperature hardening of Al–Cu–Mg alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering A 387–389, pp.222–226 (2004)
[STO] M.R. Stoudt and R.E. Ricker “The Relationship between Grain Size and the Surface Roughening Behavior of Al-Mg Alloys”, Metallurgical and materials transaction A, Vol. 33A, pp. 2883-2889 (2002)
[TSENG] C. J. Tseng, S. L. Lee, ” Effects of manganese on microstructure and mechanical properties of A206 alloys containing iron”, J. Mater. Res., Vol.17, No.9, pp.2243-2250 (2002)
[TSI1] D. Tsivoulas, P. B. Prangnell, “Effects of Combined Zr and Mn Additions on dispersoid formation and recrystallization behavior of AA2198 Sheet”, Advanced Materials Research, Vols.89-91, pp.568-573 (2010)
[TSI2] D. Tsivoulas , P.B. Prangnell “The effect of Mn and Zr dispersoid-forming additions on recrystallization resistance in Al–Cu–Li AA2198 sheet”, Acta Materialia Vol.77, pp.1–16 (2014)
[WANG1] L. Wang, M. Strangwood, D. Balinta, J. Lina, “Formability and failure mechanisms of AA2024 under hot forming conditions”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.197, pp.2648-2656 (2011)
[WANG2] G.J. Wang, B.Q. Xiong, Y.A. Zhang, Z.H. Li, “Microstructural characterization of as-cast and homogenized 2D70 aluminum alloy”, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, Vol. 16, Num. 4, pp.427-431 (2009)
[WANG3] S.C. Wang, and M.J. Starink, “Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al–Cu–Mg–(Li) based alloys”, International Materials Reviews, Vol.50, NO.4, pp.193-215 (2005)
[WAR] T. Warner, “Recently-developed aluminum solutions for aerospace applications”, Materials Sci. Forum, Vols.519-521, pp. 1271-1278 (2006)
[WU] Ling-Mei Wu, Wen-Hsiung Wang a, Yung-Fu Hsu, Shan Trong, “Effects of homogenization treatment on recrystallization behavior and dispersoid distribution in an Al–Zn–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 456 pp.163–169 (2008)
[XIE] F. Y. XIE, T. KRAFT, “Microstructure and microsegregation in Al-rich Al-Cu-Mg alloys”, Acta Materialia, Vol.47, No.2, pp.489-500 (1999)
[XU] X.F. Xu, Y.G. Zhao, “Rapid grain refinement of AA2024 alloy through recrystallization induced by electro-pulsing”, Materials Science & Engineering A612, pp.223–226 (2014)
[ZHANG1] J. B. Zhang, Y. A. Zhang “Characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag–(Mn/Zr) alloy with high Cu:Mg”, Materials and Design, Vol.49, pp.311–317 (2013)
[ZHANG2] Hu Zhang, Hai-hong Zhu, “Effect of Zirconium addition on crack, microstructure and mechanical behavior of selective laser melted Al-Cu-Mg alloy”, Scripta Materialia 134, pp.6–10 (2017)
[ZHU] Hanliang Zhu, Xinquan Zhang, Malcolm J. Couper, “The formation of steak defects on anodized aluminum extrusions”, The Journal of the minerals, metals & materials society, Vol.62, No.5, pp.46-51 (2010)
[ZLA] B. Zlaticanin, S. Duric, B. Jordovic & B. Radonjic, “Effect of magnesium content on microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloys”, Materials Science and Technology, 20:1, pp.138-140 (2004)

指導教授

李勝隆

審核日期

2018-7-24

推文