Al-Si-Mg合金 熱處理、 熱穩定度及磨耗腐蝕特性之研究

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陳文吉(Arch Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

Al-Si-Mg合金熱處理、熱穩定度及磨耗腐蝕特性之研究
(Study of Heat Treatment, Thermal Stability and Wear Corrosion Behavior Impact on Al-Si-Mg Alloy)

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摘要(中)

本論文在探討 Al-Si-Mg合金之熱處理，穩定性與磨耗腐蝕特之研究。熱處理，穩定性與磨耗腐蝕特之研究。對於以 Sr改良之 A356合金，其共晶矽之細化與球可減少破裂起始合金，其共晶矽之細化與球可減少破裂起始點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成點，而提升合金之抗磨耐耗性。但共晶矽細化與球則造成 Al-Si之介面增加，而合金之腐蝕速率。故共晶矽細化與 T6熱處理產生硬度提升之效益仍大於共晶矽細化產生之腐蝕速率增加。仍大於共晶矽細化產生之腐蝕速率增加。 Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg-xCu合金常用於高溫之移動部件，高銅 (4.53wt%)之合金在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之在凝固時析出較多之 θ(Al2Cu)與 λ(Al5Cu2Mg8Si6)相。這些殘留在鋁基地中的硬質這些殘留在鋁基地中的硬質粒子，在熱穩定處理時在熱穩定處理時，會維持相對穩定的硬度，而使其耐磨抗耗性較低銅，而使其耐磨抗耗性較低銅 (2.55wt%)為佳。而 T6熱處理雖可使高銅合金在室溫有較的硬度，但用環境下其反而因可使高銅合金在室溫有較的硬度，但用環境下其反而因可使高銅合金在室溫有較的硬度，但用環境下其反而因可使高銅合金在室溫有較的硬度，但用環境下其反而因可使高銅合金在室溫有較的硬度，但用環境下其反而因粗大不整合相之析出而低於鑄造狀態金。在磨耗行為方面，此二恆溫熱處理整合相之析出而低於鑄造狀態金。在磨耗行為方面，此二恆溫熱處理整合相之析出而低於鑄造狀態金。在磨耗行為方面，此二恆溫熱處理整合相之析出而低於鑄造狀態金。在磨耗行為方面，此二恆溫熱處理整合相之析出而低於鑄造狀態金。在磨耗行為方面，此二恆溫熱處理後，高銅、低與T6合金在 10N正向負荷磨耗實驗具有相同的速率；正向負荷磨耗實驗具有相同的速率；故在 10N正向負荷下， Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg合金銅含量合金銅含量及 T6熱處理與磨耗速率無關。然而，在 40N正向負荷下，磨耗速率與合金硬度成負相關。T6合金之磨耗速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；速率最高，低銅合金次之佳；磨耗速率隨著銅含量的增加而下降。磨耗速率隨著銅含量的增加而下降。磨耗速率隨著銅含量的增加而下降。故對 Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg-xCu合金高溫環境使用材料之熱處理選擇，以鑄造狀態合金為佳，而高銅鑄態合金較高銅 T6與低銅鑄態合金在熱穩定處理後具有較佳的硬度與耐磨抗耗能力。
A356與 A357合金淬火至室溫，無自然時效之析出程序為合金淬火至室溫，無自然時效之析出程序為 SSSSMg-Mg /Mg-Si/Si-Si clusterMg-Mg cluster dissolutionG.P. zoneβ′′ β′Siβ。淬火至室溫，經自然時效之析出程序為SSSSMg-Si/Si-Si clusterG.P. zoneβ′′β′Siβ。而淬火至90oC之析出程序則為 SSSS Mg-Mg/Mg-Si/Si-Si cluster+G.P. zone+β′′β′Siβ。90oC預時效可以促使預時效可以促使 β′′的析出而降低自然時效的影響及後續人工時效降伏與拉伸強度的提升。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the heat treatment, thermal stability and wear/corrosion behavior of Al-Si-Mg alloys. The A356 alloy which is modified by Sr, could refine and spheroidize the eutectic Si that could reduce the crack initiation location to enhance the wearability of Al-Si alloy. Eutectic Si refinement and spherodization will cause corrosion rate increase because of interface of Al and Si increase. However, the overall benefit of eutectic Si refinement is still increase the alloy wearability. Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg-xCu alloys are using on the movement parts at high temperature which need good wearability. The high Cu alloys(4.53wt%) has moreθ(Al2Cu) andλ(Al5Cu2Mg8Si6) phases precipitation when solidification. Those hard particles exisit in the Al matrix will increase stability of hardiness and wearability than low Cu alloy (2.55wt%) when thermal stability heat treatment. T6 heat treatment could enhace alloy hardness and stresngth in room temperature.However, the hardness will be reduced under 300oC isothermal heat treatment because of coarse incohererant phase precipitation. For wear behavior, the isothermal heat-treated of high Cu content, low Cu content and high Cu content T6 alloys showed the same wear rate with 10N normal load. The wear rate are independent on the copper content and T6 heat treatment under 10N load after isothermal stability heat treatment. After isothermal heat trestment and under 40N load, the high Cu content Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg cast alloy has the lowest wear rate then low Cu content cast alloy, the low Cu content cast alloy has lower wear rate than high Cu content T6 alloy. The Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg-xCu alloy is recommended to be used at high temperature environment, high Cu composition cast alloy has good thermal stability and warability than low Cu composition cast alloy. High Cu content T6 treatment alloy has worst wear rate after thermal heat treatment under 40N load.

關鍵字(中)

★ Al-12.5Si-1.0Mg
★ 磨耗行為
★ 銅含量
★ A356
★ 熱穩定性
★ A357

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

總目錄
中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VII
總目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IX
圖目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------XII
表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------XV
一.前言……………………………………………………………………………..1
1.1 鑄鋁合金簡介…………………………………………………..…………1
1.2 Al-Si合金簡介……………………………………………………………2
1.3研究背景、目的與文獻回顧……………………………………………….4
二、理論基礎………………………………………………………………..………10
2.1 鋁矽鎂(AlSiMg)鋁合金介紹……………………………...……………………11
2.1.1鋁矽鎂鋁合金特性……………………………………………………….11
2.1.2. 鋁矽鎂合金之介金屬化合物………………………………...…………14
2.1.3 鋁矽鎂合金熱處理………………………………………………………15
2.2 鋁矽鎂合金的腐蝕……………………………...………………………………20
2.2.1 鋁矽鎂合金的腐蝕特性…………………………………...…………….20
2.2.2電化學之Tafel 極化法腐蝕量測………………………………………...24
2.3 磨耗…………………………………………………………………………….24
三、實驗步驟………………………………………………………………………30
3.1 合金製備…………………………………………...………………………30
3.1.1 Al–12.5Si–2.55/4.53Cu–1.0Mg合金之製作………………………..30
3.1.2不同含量Sr改良劑之合金製作 …………………………………..31
3.2 合金熱處理……………………...…………………………………………32
3.3 微結構觀察……………………...…………………………………………32
3.3.1 光學顯微鏡 ………………………………………………………32
3.3.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscopy)…………….32
3.3.3電子微探儀(Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis)…………………33
3.3.4影像分析(Image Analysis)…………………………………………33
3.3.5導電度量測 (Electrical Conductivity, %IACS)…………………….33
3.3.6 熱差掃瞄分析(Differential Scanning Calorimetry)………………..34
3.4硬度試驗………………………….……………………………………..34
3.5腐蝕性質試驗……….……………………………...…………………….34
3.6 磨耗試驗(Wear test)……………………………………………………….35
3.7 拉伸試驗 (Tensile test)……………………………………………………36
3.8 磨耗腐蝕試驗(Wear-corrosion Test)……………………………………..36
四、結果與討論……………………………………………………………………38
4.1 A356-Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金…………………………………………………38
4.1.1微結構分析…………………………………………………………….38
4.1.2 硬度與磨耗分析………………………………………………………40
4.1.3 腐蝕分析………………………………………………………………42
4.2 Al-12.5Si-xCu 合金……………………………………………………….46
4.2.1 微結構分析……………………………………………………………46
4.2.2 微差掃描熱 (DSC)與導電度分析………………………………...…49
4.2.3 硬度分析………………………………………………………………49
4.2.4磨耗測試……………………………………………………………….55
4.3 Al-7Si-Mg合金預時效熱處理及其機械性質研究………….…………….58
4.3.1 微差掃描熱分析(DSC)…………………………………………….....58
4.3.2拉伸試驗與分析……………………………………………………….65
五、結論 …………………………………………………………………………....67
六、參考文獻………………………………………………………………………..69

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指導教授

李勝隆

審核日期

2018-7-27

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