橋梁耐震能力評估之側推法

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姓名

張容瑞(Rong-Rei Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

橋梁耐震能力評估之側推法
(Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Bridge by Push-Over Method)

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摘要(中)

橋梁在平時為重要之交通動脈，在地震發生後尤其是救災行動成功與否之關鍵。然而由於橋梁耐震設計規範之訂立經過多次之修正，現存之橋梁新舊並存，在多次大震災中仍可見到此等結構嚴重受損，因此可見橋梁結構耐震能力評估之迫切需要性。
本研究採用非線性靜力分析之側推法(Push－Over Method )針對橋梁之耐震能力進行詳細評估，分析流程將原來針對房屋結構物非線性耐震分析之ATC40與FEMA273所建議之標準程序依相關規範調整，改良應用於橋梁結構中。經參數分析發現，使用側推法於橋梁結構耐震能力評估之塑鉸抗力性質假設與施加側向力型式對分析結果有重大影響。
文中建議：對於構件塑鉸抗力性質假選擇Caltrans或AASHTO之格式較適用於橋梁耐震能力評估；且須經動力振態計算，適當考量各振態對橋體結構反應之參予程度以決定施加側向力型式。本文並提出振態型式側向分佈力－結構體變形曲線疊代過程更新橋梁整體容量曲線，以彌補線彈性振態計算於反應非線性動力行為之不足。
文末提出使用側推法於決定最小設計水平地震力總橫力V之應用，與現行台灣公路橋梁設計規範結合，希望提供工程界參考依據。

摘要(英)

With the growing awareness and concern of the seismic risk, there is a need for efficient and reliable tools for seismic,therefore it is worth to devise a simplified computer method for seismic performance evaluation of structures, pushover analysis is competent for this purpose. For many cases, we can obtain more important information from pushover analysis than dynamic analysis, and it is simple and economical.
A method for the nonlinear static analysis of bridge structure is presented, suitable for seismic assessment procedures based on push-over analyses. As the seismic response of buildings is different from the seismic response of bridge structures, the applicability of the push-over analysis for bridge structures has to be investigated specifically.In this paper, a lateral load pattern is taken as the approximation of the distribution of the inertia force obtained from results of dynamic analysis of the MDOF system of the structure, and choice the siutable hinge properties for bridge component.
A simple example of the assessment procedure on a 22-spans R.C. bridge structure is presented and future developments are pointed out.

關鍵字(中)

★ 水平設計地震力
★ 側推法
★ 非線性靜力分析
★ 橋梁耐震能力評估

關鍵字(英)

★ Push-Over Method
★ Nonlinear Static Analysis
★ Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Bridge
★ Design seismic force

論文目次

中文摘要……….……...……………….…….………….….….….….….….…Ⅰ
英文摘要…………….………...……………..………...…….………………...Ⅱ
誌謝………………………………………………………….…………………III
目錄……….………..………….....……………..….…………………………..Ⅳ
表目錄…….….….….……………….………….….……..….……...….…...VIII
圖目錄…….……..……...…………….………...…….…….….…….…...……IX
照片目錄…………………………………………….…………………………XI
第一章緒論1
1.1 研究動機與背景……………………..…………………………….1
1.2 研究目的與方法………………………………..………………….1
1.3 文獻回顧……………………………………..…………………….2
1.4 論文架構……………………………………..…………………….5
第二章側推法分析流程6
2.1 結構體之非線性行為…………………….………………………..7
2.1.1 幾何非線性………………………………………………...7
2.1.2 材料非線性………………………………………………...9
IV
2.2 分析流程……………………………………….…………………..9
2.2.1 建立容量曲線（Capacity Curve）…………………………10
2.2.1.1 建立數值模型…………………………………..10
2.2.1.2 建立塑鉸抗力性質曲線………………………..11
2.2.1.3 施加側向分佈力…………………………….12
2.2.1.4 側推步程………………………………………..13
2.2.2 建立容量譜（Capacity Spectrum）………………………..14
2.2.3 建立需求震譜（Demand Spectrum）…………………….15
2.2.4 計算性能點（Performance Point）………………………...16
第三章塑鉸抗力模型及側向力分布型式參數比較20
3.1 構件塑鉸抗力性質曲線………………………………………….20
3.1.0 塑鉸參數研究分析橋體模型…………………………….20
3.1.1 ATC40之構件塑鉸抗力性質……………………………21
3.1.2 Caltrans之構件塑鉸抗力性質…………………………...21
3.1.3 AASHTO之構件塑鉸抗力性質…………………………23
3.1.4 斷面之彎矩－轉角關係曲線…………………………….23
3.1.5 分析結果………………………………………………….25
3.2 施加側向力之分布型式………………………………………….27
V
3.2.0 側向力分布型式參數研究分析橋體模型……………….27
3.2.1 層頂集中力……………………………………………….28
3.2.2 倒三角形型式…………………………………………….28
3.2.3 基本振態型式…………………………………………….28
3.2.4 高頻振態型式………………………………………….28
3.2.5 振態型式側向分佈力－結構體變形曲線疊代法……….29
3.2.6 分析結果………………………………………………….29
第四章實例計算33
4.1 橋體介紹………………………………………………………….34
4.2 分析流程………………………………………………………….34
4.2.1 建立數值模型…………………………………………….34
4.2.2 定義塑鉸非線性抗力容量……………………………….36
4.2.3 決定施加之側向力型式………………………………….36
4.2.4 建立容量曲線與容量譜………………………………….36
4.2.5 選擇需求震譜…………………………………………….38
4.2.6 計算性能點……………………………………………….38
4.3 側推法於決定最小水平設計地震力之應用…………………….39
第五章結論與建議42
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………….42
5.2 建議……………………………………………………………….44
參考文獻46
附表50
附圖60
附照片87

參考文獻

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指導教授

王仲宇(Chung Yue Wang)

審核日期

2002-7-18

推文