增強鎳(Ni)參雜錫(Sn)奈米粒子的超導性

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姓名

古亦娜(Vina Agustina Gultom) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

物理學系

論文名稱

增強鎳(Ni)參雜錫(Sn)奈米粒子的超導性
(Enhanced superconductivity in Ni-doped Sn nanoparticles)

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摘要(中)

本研究探討了Sn 和Ni 納米顆粒（NPs）複合體系的超導（SC）現象。我們分
析了Sn 摻雜Ni 的合成壓力對四方相形成的影響。通過熱蒸發方法製造Sn 和Ni 納米
顆粒，使用兩個分離的蒸發源進行單獨蒸發; 並且藉由各種惰性氣體的壓力的控制顆粒
的尺寸。對於Sn 側，加熱電流為~50A，對於Ni 側，加熱電流為~80A，相應的氬氣壓
力為0.18 托和0.08 托。使用X 射線繞射法進行晶體結構的表徵分析，然後與Rietveld
精製結合以確定樣品組成和微晶尺寸。對於第1，第2 和第3 樣品的微晶尺寸分別達到
34.6（9）nm，33.8（9）nm 和30.1（2）。
在1.8K 和未施加磁場下測量這些樣品的AC 磁化率，從而出現超導狀態。使用
Scalapino 配件測試每個樣品。 Scalapino 擬合是通過關聯磁化率和溫度來確定超導參數
的良好描述。此外，當施加磁場Ha = 0 Oe 時，隨著樣品的粒徑減小，電子間隙δ 也變
大，穿透深度變大，0.192（8）nm，δ= 0.00206（4）kBTC，0.26 （1）nm 與δ= 0.01
（7）kBTC，1.1（2）nm，δ= 0.08（4）kBTC，表明施加的磁場將完全穿透納米粒子，
並導致抗磁效應被完全破壞。當樣品的微晶尺寸變小時，臨界磁場增加，這意味著抗
磁效率越來越好。令人驚訝的是，30.1（2）nm 的臨界溫度比塊體的臨界溫度高108 倍
（可接受的錫邊界溫度實驗值為3.722K）。此特殊樣品具有SnO2 結構，因此提升了臨
界溫度。

摘要(英)

Herein, this study reports the superconductivity (SC) phenomena of Sn and Ni
nanoparticles (NPs) composite systems. We analyzed the influence of the synthesis pressure
of Sn-doped Ni in the formation of the tetragonal phase. Sn and Ni nanoparticles have been
fabricated by the thermal evaporation method with two decoupled evaporation sources for
separate evaporation; and the size of particles with various inert gas pressures was controlled.
The heating current is ~50 A for Sn side and ~80 A for Ni side with the respective argon
pressure of 0.18 torr and 0.08 torr. The characterization of crystal structure was performed using
experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction method, then allied with Rietveld refinement
to determine the sample composition and crystallite size. The crystallite size of these samples
were achieved 34.6(9) nm, 33.8(9) nm and 30.1(2), respectively for the sample 1, sample 2 and
sample 3.
The AC susceptibility of these samples was measured at 1.8 K and zero applied
magnetic field, thus the superconducting state appeared. Each sample was tested using the
Scalapino fitting. Scalapino fitting is a good description to determine the superconducting
parameters by relating the magnetic susceptibility and temperature. In addition, when applied
magnetic field Ha = 0 Oe, the penetration depth becomes larger as the particle size of the sample
decreases and the electron gap δ become larger as well, 0.192(8) nm with δ = 0.00206(4) kBTC,
0.26(1) nm with δ = 0.01(7) kBTC, 1.1(2) nm with δ = 0.08(4) kBTC, respectively, indicating
that the applied magnetic field will completely penetrate the nanoparticles, and causing the
diamagnetic effect to be completely destroyed. Surprisingly, the critical temperature of 30.1(2)
nm is achieve higher 108 times than that of the bulk (the accepted experimental value of the tin
boundary temperature is 3.722K) kOe. This interesting sample has SnO2 structure and it made
an enhancement on the critical temperature.

關鍵字(中)

★ SnO2，納米粒子，X 射線衍射，超導性。

關鍵字(英)

★ SnO2, nanoparticles, x-ray diffraction, superconductivity.

論文目次

摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... v
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. ix
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ x
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose of Experiment ....................................................................................... 1
1.2 Basic Physical Properties.................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Physical Properties of Tin ......................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Physical Properties of Nickel .................................................................... 6
1.3 Physical Properties of Nanoparticles ................................................................. 7
1.4 Basic Introduction of Superconductivity ......................................................... 13
1.4.1 Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism ................................................ 15
1.4.2 Scalapino Theory for Superconductivity ................................................ 19
References ............................................................................................................... 28
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS .................................................................. 31
2.1 Samples Preparation ........................................................................................ 31
2.2 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) .................................................................................. 35
2.3 Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) ........................................... 37
References ............................................................................................................... 40
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ............................................. 41
3.1 Rietveld Refinements ........................................................................................ 41
3.2 Crystallite Sizes ................................................................................................. 49
References ............................................................................................................... 57
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF TIN NICKEL ALLOY ......... 58
4.1 Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on Magnetic Susceptibility ......................... 58
4.2 Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on Critical Temperature ............................ 61
4.3 Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on Penetration Depth ................................. 67
References ............................................................................................................... 69
CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORKS ............................................. 70
5.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 70
5.2 Further Works .................................................................................................. 71
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................................... 72

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指導教授

李文献(Wen Hsien Li)

審核日期

2019-1-25

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