砷化銦鎵/磷化銦單光子崩潰二極體暗與光特性分析

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姓名

簡盛宥(Sheng-Yu Chien) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

砷化銦鎵/磷化銦單光子崩潰二極體暗與光特性分析
(Dark and Illumination Characteristics of InGaAs/InP Single Photon Avalanche Diodes)

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摘要(中)

砷化銦鎵/磷化銦單光子雪崩型偵測器用於近紅外光波段光纖通訊，但
此材料磊晶時容易產生缺陷，因此相較於矽製程的單光子雪崩型偵測器，
有較高的暗計數，使得許多應用受限於暗計數而無法做微弱光之偵測。本
論文將在不同溫度下分析暗計數的產生機制，我們運用閘控模式操作元件
並將元件溫度降至77K。由結果可觀察各溫度區間是由不同的暗計數機制主
導，高溫區(200-300K)的暗計數來源為熱產生載子，低溫區(77-125K)由二
次崩潰主導，而中間溫度區暗計數較低，為穿隧載子所貢獻，但此區在溫
度變化時暗計數出現局部極值，為了探討此現象，我們改變元件內部電場，
發現暗計數局部極值發生的溫度會跟著偏移，推論此溫度區間的暗計數與
電場相關，然而與電場相關的穿隧效應並不會造成此現象，因此我們將暗計
數局部極值歸因於電荷堆積效應。為了驗證此論點，我們進行照光量測，藉
由改變雷射入射元件的時間點觀察光計數的變化，可發現在150K下，亦即暗
計數發生局部極值時，光計數也有嚴重的電荷堆積效應；而在200K下，因熱
產生載子被大量抑制，電荷堆積的效應不明顯，隨著溫度上升，電荷堆積的
效應又會隨之出現，由結果可得出不僅是光產生載子會造成電荷堆積效應，
熱產生載子亦是電荷堆積效應的電荷來源。我們還在125K到175K之間量測元
件的光偵測效率，發現電荷堆積效應除了對暗計數有直接影響外，在此溫度
區間也會讓元件的PDE被高估。

摘要(英)

InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diodes are of great potential in the
application of near-infrared optical fiber communication. However, comparing
to Si single photon avalanche diodes, InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche
diodes have higher dark count due to its material and structural characteristics.
In this thesis, we characterize the dark count performance at different
temperature ranges by operating the device under gated mode with frequency of
10 kHz and voltage pulse width of 20 ns. The device is cooled down to 77 K by
using liquid nitrogen. From the experiments, different mechanisms are dominant
over different temperature ranges. In high temperature region (200 K-300 K),
the dark counts originate from the thermal generation. For the low temperature
region (77 K-125 K), afterpulsing dominates. While in the intermediate
temperature region (125 K-200 K), the dark count rates should be restricted to
the tunneling carriers, however, a non-monotonic behavior in the dark count
performance is observed, that is, a local maximum of dark count rates occurs at
around 150 K. In order to study this phenomenon, we vary the internal electric
field and found that the local maximum shifts to lower temperature, showing
that the local maximum is sensitive to the internal electric field and hence is
attributed to the charge persistence effect.
To further evidence this argument, we illuminate the device with a
time-varying incoming pulse laser. It is found that the charge persistence effect
gets most serious at 150 K, where the local maximum of dark count rate occurs.
At 200 K, where the thermal carriers are greatly suppressed, the device is almost
free from the charge persistence effect. The investigation reflects that the charge
persistence effect is involved in the intermediate temperature rage and it is
iii
caused not only by the photo-generated carriers but also by the
thermal-generated carriers. We also attempt to see the impact of charge
persistence effect on the photon detection efficiency. Our results reveal that the
photon detection efficiency could be overestimated due to the existence of
charge persistence effect.

關鍵字(中)

★ 雪崩型崩潰光二極體
★ 磷化銦
★ 砷化銦鎵

關鍵字(英)

★ avlanche
★ photon
★ detector
★ InGaAs
★ InP

論文目次

論文摘要 .. i
Abstract . ii
致謝 iv
目錄 .. v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄.. ix
第一章緒論 1
1.1 單光子崩潰二極體應用 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究動機與論文架構 . 3
第二章單光子崩潰二極體 .. 4
2.1 崩潰二極體結構 4
2.2 元件操作原理 . 6
2.3 截止電路 8
2.3.1 自由運行電路 .. 8
2.3.2 閘控模式電路 10
2.4 偵測器性能相關參數介紹 11
2.4.1 暗計數機制 . 11
2.4.2 二次崩潰效應 14
2.4.3 電荷堆積效應 15
2.4.4 光子偵測效率 16
2.4.5 響應度 17
第三章量測系統架設與流程 .. 18
3.1 電流－電壓量測 . 19
3.2 閘控模式暗量測與計數率換算 . 20
3.3 光路架構與量測系統 .. 22
3.4 光偵測率量測流程 24
第四章量測結果分析與討論 .. 26
4.1 變溫電流-電壓量測 .. 26
4.2 暗計數變溫量測 . 29
4.3 光量測 .. 31
4.4 PDE量測 .. 36
第五章結論與未來展望 . 42
附錄一.. 44
附錄二.. 45
參考文獻 46

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指導教授

李依珊(Yi-Shan Lee)

審核日期

2018-11-22

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