印尼地區地表性質與雲特徵之探討

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亞吉妲(Jeddah Yanti) 查詢紙本館藏

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遙測科技碩士學位學程

論文名稱

印尼地區地表性質與雲特徵之探討
(Investigation of Land Surface Properties and Cloud Characteristics in Indonesia)

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摘要(中)

摘要
雲在水循環中扮演相當重要的角色，在過往的研究中，發現雲可能和大氣條件以及地表種類有著相當大的關係。地表的植被改變和蒸發散的特性息息相關，蒸發散的量會影響到大氣中的水氣通量，而水氣通量又和大氣中的層狀和對流雲有著密切之聯繫。本研究主要是從雲微物理的參數出發，將地表的特性和雲微物理特徵做連結。研究的時間是從2003年到2016年，一共14年的時間，研究的範圍是在印尼地區，使用的是Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-3的資料，其中包括地表特性及雲產品。而雲微物理參數的分析主要包括雲量、雲頂氣壓、雲光學厚度、雲的有效半徑，至於地表特性的變化則是使用常態化差異植被指數(NDVI)來做為參考指標。本研究發現在研究試區植被比較少的陸地上有較大的雲分量外，雲的有效粒徑較小且較低的光學厚度；反之在植被指數較高的之處，易出現較大的雲滴粒徑、雲頂高度較高、且雲分量減少的高雲光學厚度對流性雲形特徵，且在溼季的以上關連性更為顯著。推估其機制為當地表有較多的植被狀況時，就會有較多的水氣蒸散發至大氣中，而引發上升氣流促進雲生成並加強雲的垂直發展。最後比較印尼各島嶼的統計分析顯示，在加里曼丹和蘇門答臘的空間相關性尤為顯著，且資料顯示此二區為印尼諸島中去森林化面積最大之處。

摘要(英)

ABSTRACT

Cloud has the sensitivities and may lead to the response to atmospheric conditions along with surface properties due to its role in the hydrological cycle. The change of surface vegetation also links to the evapotranspiration pattern so that the moisture flux might be affected by the atmospheric stratiform or convective clouds. The aim of this study to analyze the complex phenomenon and links of cloud response towards land surface change that ensued from cloud microphysical components. Fourteen years from 2003 to 2016 over Indonesia was applied that issued by Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-3 (L3) provides both cloud and land surface products. Cloud microphysical features consist of cloud fraction, cloud top pressure, cloud optical thickness, and cloud effective radius, whereas Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to identify the land surface change. The analysis of annual and seasonal climatology is used as the method to determine each cloud microphysical components response to land surface change. This study shows wet season is crucial season to observe the phenomenon between clouds and vegetation event. Because of the obviously characteristic of clouds over less vegetated land areas are more diffuse clouds (cloud cover), small particle size, and thin clouds. Meanwhile, increasing vegetation index encourages the formation of convective clouds which are characterized by large particle sizes, high-altitude, and more compact cloud shapes, as known convective clouds. More vegetation more water evaporates from the Earth′s surface and rises upon warm updrafts into the atmosphere where it condenses into clouds, with clouds are encouraged to develop vertically. Most significant of spatial correlation shows over Kalimantan and Sumatra.

關鍵字(中)

★ 雲參數
★ 正規化地表植生指數
★ 印尼

關鍵字(英)

★ Cloud properties
★ NDVI
★ MODIS
★ Indonesia

論文目次

摘要 ................................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figures and Illustrations............................................................................................. vi
List of Table........................................................................................................................... x
Appendix ............................................................................................................................... xi
Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Land Surface properties and its changes .................................................................. 1
1.2. Clouds Microphysical and its characteristics ........................................................... 3
1.3. Relationship between Land Surface Properties and Cloud
Characteristics ........................................................................................................6
1.4. Objectives.................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 2: Data .................................................................................................................. 9
2.1. Remote Sensing Imagery........................................................................................... 9
2.2. Remote Sensing for Cloud Product ........................................................................... 10
2.3. Remote Sensing for Vegetation Product ................................................................... 10
2.4. Algorithm Theoretical Basis of MODIS ................................................................... 12
Chapter 3: Methodology .................................................................................................... 16
3.1. Collect the dataset...................................................................................................... 16
3.2. Geographic Correction .............................................................................................. 16
3.3. Regridding ................................................................................................................. 17
3.4. Extract Parameters..................................................................................................... 19
3.5. Mask ......................................................................................................................... 23
v
3.6. Annual and Seasonal Analysis .................................................................................. 24
3.7. Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 4: Study Area ....................................................................................................... 28
4.1. Location .................................................................................................................... 28
4.2. Environmental Profile................................................................................................ 29
4.3. Climate Profile .......................................................................................................... 31
Chapter 5: Result and Discussion ..................................................................................... 34
5.1. General Findings........................................................................................................ 34
5.2. Relationship between NDVI and Cloud Characteristics........................................... 37
5.3. Relationship between time derivation of NDVI and Cloud Characteristics.............. 41
5.4. Spatial Correlation between anomaly of NDVI and anomaly of cloud properties.... 44
Chapter 6: Conclusion........................................................................................................ 53
References ............................................................................................................................. 56

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指導教授

劉千義(Chian-Yi Liu)

審核日期

2019-1-30

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