線上視訊於IP網路可變延遲環境下之訊務平順化研究

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姓名

賀康瑋(Kang-Wei Ho) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

線上視訊於IP網路可變延遲環境下之訊務平順化研究
(On-line Video Traffic Smoothing for IP Network with Variable Delay)

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摘要(中)

訊務平順化 (Traffic smoothing)是視訊傳輸前，充分考量網路服務能力與使用者資源，有效減少視訊串流叢集性與頻寬浪費的重要技術之一。在視訊壓縮標準規範中，如MPEG視訊標準的Video Buffering Verifier (VBV)、或H.263視訊標準的Hypothetical reference decoder (HRD)，對於所提供的串流順暢傳輸機制，是基於固定的傳輸率與已知的使用者緩衝區大小的假設下予以建議，如此受侷限的假設環境，難以適用於現今廣泛、複雜的網路環境與眾多視訊傳輸應用的需求。因此，一個能提供有效平整訊務、適應網路環境變化、兼顧使用者播放能力，甚至適用於即時性視訊傳輸的應用，如線上球賽轉播、線上監視系統…等之視訊傳輸服務技術，已成為迫切研究發展的議題。
在本篇論文中，針對線上視訊服務提出一套有效訊務平順化之整合方案，其中包含視訊訊務預測以及因應可變延遲網路之智慧型線上平順調整機制。有別於其他相關文獻，本論文突破線上訊務平順化技術的瓶頸，具有更低的傳輸率變動與保有低峰值頻寬需求的優點，更重要地，具有對抗網路延遲之能力。實驗結果顯示，傳輸率變動造成的協商次數大幅降低最多可達80%，改善之傳輸率規劃可有效地因應網路的延遲，使得畫面丟棄率大幅降低約20%以上，進而有效提升使用者播放的視訊品質。

摘要(英)

The technique of on-line video traffic smoothing is a significant method to improve the network BW utilization and reduce the burstiness characteristic of live video data. An efficient traffic smoothing scheme should not only consider the characteristics of video coding, but also consider the QoS capacity of IP network and the limitation of server and client buffer space. Regarding the methods of delivering video data used by current video coding standards, a constant transmission rate and a fixed network delay are assumed whether the Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD) in H.263 or the video buffering verifier in MPEG is considered. These assumptions are quite rigid and unrealistic due to the variety of current network environments, especially for live on-line video applications.
Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated On-line traffic Smoothing (IOS) system that consists of the Long-Span Prediction (LSP) scheme, the Smart Hopping (SH) approach, the Middle Tracking (MT) method, and the Dynamic Bound Adjustment with network Delay Tracking (DBA-DT) strategy. Compared with traditional schemes, the proposed IOS can provide more efficient smoothing performances with low variance of transmission rates and low peak rate requirement. More importantly, IOS provide the robust capability against the dynamic network delay. Simulation results reveal that IOS can effectively reduce the number of negotiations with network up to 80% and low the frame loss rate up to 20%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 平順化
★ 線上即時視訊
★ 訊務預測
★ 網路延遲

關鍵字(英)

★ traffic prediction
★ online video
★ smoothing
★ delay

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2相關研究 3
1.3研究方法與貢獻 5
1.4論文架構 6
第二章IP網路上的視訊傳輸基本介紹 8
2.1 MPEG-4視訊壓縮技術 10
2.1.1 MPEG視訊編碼原理 10
2.1.1.1 畫面內編碼（Intra-frame Coding） 11
2.1.2 MPEG-4加強以及新增功能 16
2.2線上即時視訊訊務平順傳輸技術 23
2.2.2最佳化的預先儲存視訊串流傳輸排程 26
2.2.3線上即時訊務的移動視窗平順器 (OS-SLWIN) 27
2.2.4動態調整視窗移動距離的機制 (OS-DSW) 28
2.3可提供服務品質的網路技術 30
2.3.1網路資源保留協定（Resource Reservation Protocol；RSVP） 30
2.3.2 差別式服務（Differentiated Services ；Diffserv） 32
2.4重新協商固定位元率 34
第三章整合型線上即時訊務平順器 (IOS) 35
3.1線上即時訊務平順器的時間關係分析 37
3.1.1緩衝區限制的意義與考量 38
3.1.2加入畫面預測的時機 39
3.2即時訊務遠程預測 (Long-Span Prediction；LSP) 40
3.2.1 LSP於畫面間的線性關係 41
3.2.2 LSP預測距離q與平順器預測距離w的對應關係 42
3.3即時訊務遠程預測與視窗平順器的配合 43
3.3.1 LSP的預測誤差判斷 43
3.3.2 改良式動態視窗移動距離 46
第四章線上即時視訊傳輸於網路延遲之對策 49
4.1 整合型線上即時視訊平順器於抗網路延遲之機制 50
4.1.1確保使用者緩衝區半數存量之平順演算 50
4.1.2降低峰值頻寬需求 52
4.2 在IP網路可變延遲環境下的傳輸模型與分析 54
4.2.1傳輸與接收時序 55
4.2.2視訊串流經網路傳輸後所面臨的狀況分析 57
4.3 接收端對網路延遲之對策 57
4.3.1延遲訊息回饋 57
4.2.2接收端使用者緩衝區的監測 58
4.4 伺服器對網路延遲之對策 60
4.4.1網路延遲估算 61
4.4.2 追蹤網路延遲之動態邊限調整於IOS 61
4.4.3 主動式畫面刪減機制 64
第五章實驗結果與討論 65
5.1模擬環境說明 65
5.2模擬用視訊序列及相關參數設定 69
5.3固定網路延遲之線上視訊訊務平順化效能 70
5.3.1 OS-DSW平順器 70
5.3.2 OS-DSW+LSP平順器 71
5.3.3 OS-DSW+LSP+SH平順器 73
5.4 平順器於IP網路可變延遲環境下之效能 75
5.4.1 IOS without DBA-DT平順器 76
5.4.2 IOS平順器 80
第六章結論 83
參考文獻 84
附錄A 其它數據資料 87

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2004-7-17

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