視訊串流於盡力傳送式網路上之調適性平順化研究

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張嘉祜(Chia-Hu Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

視訊串流於盡力傳送式網路上之調適性平順化研究
(Adaptive Smoothing for Streaming Videos over Best-Effort Network)

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摘要(中)

隨著寬頻網路的普及與多媒體壓縮技術的成熟，多媒體資料透過網路傳輸的相關應用日趨豐富。而不用等待多媒體資料的完整下載便可以即時播放的串流技術是目前視訊傳輸的發展趨勢。但由於目前的網際網路大都是盡力傳送式的環境，其變動的可用頻寬和網路的延遲變異等問題，均對具有叢集特性的視訊訊務其接收品質造成嚴重的影響。此外，在多媒體網路應用的蓬勃發展下，非TCP的資料流在網路中將佔有極大的比例；然而非TCP資料流大都不具有壅塞控制的特性，勢必造成TCP資料流的可用頻寬枯竭，進而癱瘓整個網路。
在本論文中，根據上述問題提出一套在盡力傳送式網路下，具有調適性平順化傳輸機制的端點對端點視訊串流傳輸系統。本系統分為兩部分：視訊串流傳輸平順化機制與對TCP友善的傳輸率控制機制。本論文針對此兩個機制進行整合，首先根據初始的網路狀況、可用的緩衝區資源以及視訊訊務的特性，規劃視訊流量平順化的傳輸排程，並在一定的視訊接收品質保障下，利用對TCP友善的傳輸率控制機制，適時地反應網路壅塞情況予視訊傳輸平順化機制，進一步動態地調整平順化的傳輸排程以符合目前的網路現況，提高視訊接收品質。模擬結果顯示，在盡力傳送式的網路環境下，當平均可用頻寬約等於視訊所需的平均傳輸率時，可將原本僅使用TFRC的線上視訊串流其5.67%的封包丟棄率降至0.91%。

摘要(英)

With the technology advances in multimedia compression and Internet, multimedia applications deliveried over Internet are dramatically boosted. Curently, real-time streaming without waiting for complete downloads is the trend of video delivery. However, it is very difficult to allocate resources effectively due to the bursty nature of video traffic. The impact of variable available bandwidth and network delay, which results from a best-effort network such as today’s Internet, may degrade the received video quality drastically. Besides, these multimedia streaming applications generally utilize the UDP protocol that does not provide the congestion control. This may lead to congestion collapse and starvation of TCP traffic in the Internet.
Therefore, this thesis proposes an end-to-end adaptive video streaming system by integrating the TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) with the video traffic smoothing algorithm. The proposed framework can adaptively adjust the smoothing transmission schedule to ensure the smooth delivery quality for different real-time and pre-stored video streams with low quality degradation. The adaptation is based on the current network condition, the available resources and the characteristics of video traffic. Simulation results show that, when the average available bandwidth is close to the video target encoding rate, the proposed system can effectively reduce the total packet loss rate of online video streaming from 5.67% to 0.91% compared with traditional TFRC solution.

關鍵字(中)

★ 盡力傳送式網路
★ 視訊串流
★ 調適性平順化

關鍵字(英)

★ best-effort network
★ video streaming
★ adaptive smoothing

論文目次

目錄 IV
附圖索引 VII
附表索引 XII
第1章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 相關研究 3
1.3 提出之機制與主要貢獻 6
1.4 論文架構 7
第2章 IP網路上的即時視訊串流介紹 8
2.1 MPEG-4視訊壓縮技術 9
2.1.1 MPEG-4視訊編碼原理 10
2.1.2 MPEG-4編碼特點分析 16
2.1.3 MPEG-4視訊封裝方法 22
2.2 即時視訊串流傳輸技術 25
2.2.1 即時視訊串流傳輸架構 26
2.2.2 即時視訊串流傳輸協定 28
2.2.3 即時視訊串流遇到的問題 34
2.3 視訊串流平順化傳輸技術 37
2.3.1 視訊訊務平順傳輸模型 39
2.3.2 離線平順化演算法 42
2.3.3 線上平順化演算法 44
第3章對TCP友善的傳輸率控制 48
3.1 TCP 流量模型 49
3.1.1 RTT和重送逾時值的量測 51
3.1.2 遺失事件率的估測 52
3.2 TFRC的行為模式 54
3.3 TFRC的效能與問題分析 56
第4章調適性視訊串流平順化演化法 63
4.1 視訊串流經網路傳輸後的狀況分析 63
4.1.1 伺服端與用戶端的傳送接收時序差異分析 66
4.2 因應網路延遲環境的平順化演算法 68
4.2.1 改良式離線平順化演算法 69
4.2.2 改良式線上平順化演算法 73
4.2.3 參數影響的分析與討論 76
4.3 整合TFRC的調適性視訊串流平順伺服器 80
4.3.1 系統架構 80
4.3.2 服務品質監控器與回報訊息分類 81
4.3.3 狀態追蹤與傳輸調節機制 84
第5章實驗結果與討論 92
5.1 模擬環境架構說明 92
5.1.1 模擬用之視訊序列統計資料說明 93
5.1.2 網路模擬環境說明及其參數設定 95
5.1.3 評比標準定義說明 95
5.2 使用TFRC機制的視訊串流分析 97
5.2.1 使用TFRC機制的離線視訊串流 98
5.2.2 使用TFRC機制的線上視訊串流 101
5.3 調適性平順伺服器效能 102
5.3.1 離線視訊串流的調適性平順化傳輸分析 103
5.3.2 線上視訊串流的調適性平順化傳輸分析 107
第6章結論與未來工作 115
參考文獻 117
附錄A 其他數據資料 120

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2005-7-9

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