多鏡頭視訊監控系統之前景區塊偵測與位元率分配機制

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姓名

林明毅(Ming-Yi Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

多鏡頭視訊監控系統之前景區塊偵測與位元率分配機制
(Foreground Detection and Rate Allocation in Multi-Camera Surveillance System)

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摘要(中)

在新一代的監控系統中，使用網路影像錄影主機(NVR)與網路攝影機(IP Camera)是一個未來發展的趨勢，而當多個視訊流一起在固定頻寬的通道上傳輸時，一個有效的位元率分配機制是必需的。在這篇論文中，我們提出一套前景區塊偵測機制(EBFBD)，來找出畫面中變化的區塊，並且依照區塊的數量來決定攝影機的重要性。依此重要性我們提出一套調適性位元率分配的演算法(AQRDRA)，讓重要性高的攝影機擁有較高的位元率配置，以獲得較佳的視訊品質。最後，我們開發出一套以H.264為基礎的多鏡頭視訊監控系統，讓上述之演算法可以在此平台上獲得驗證。
我們將所提之演算法在實際有效頻寬1.1Mbps下做八路攝影機的模擬實驗，結果證實所提的方法，在幾乎不影響非重點攝影機的視覺品質下，比起位元率均分法可大幅提升重點攝影機的視訊品質最高達8.7dB之多，且有助於H.264位元率控制機制更有效達成所設定之目標位元率。

摘要(英)

In the new generation of video surveillance system, adopting NVR (Network Video Recorder) and IP Camera will become the future trend. When the multiple video streams are transmitted together through the fixed bandwidth channel, an efficient rate allocation mechanism is necessary. In this thesis, we develop an Edge-based Foreground Block Detection (EFBD) method to find out changing (foreground) blocks and then determine the importance of cameras based on EFBD. Accordingly, we propose an Adaptive Q-R-D Rate Allocation (AQRDRA) method to allocate higher bitrate to active cameras for better visual quality. Finally, we develop a multi-camera surveillance system using H.264 codec to implement and verify our proposed methods.
The experiments are conducted under the total available bandwidth 1.1Mbps with eight cameras. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms uniformly-distributed rate allocation. Without scarifying inactive camera too much, the proposed scheme can enhance the video quality of active camera by 8.7dB at most. Moreover, our proposed method is beneficial for the H.264 rate control scheme to achieve the target rate.

關鍵字(中)

★ 多鏡頭視訊監控
★ 位元率分配
★ 前景區塊偵測
★ H.264視訊編碼

關鍵字(英)

★ multi-camera surveillance system
★ rate allocation
★ foreground block detection
★ H.264 video coding

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 動機與目的 2
1.3 多鏡頭監控系統實驗架構 3
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章多鏡頭監控系統前處理–前景區塊偵測機制 7
2.1 研究目的 7
2.2 相關研究 8
2.3 以邊緣為基礎之前景區塊偵測 11
2.3.1 前景邊緣萃取 12
2.3.2 前景區塊萃取 15
2.3.3 背景模型更新 23
第三章多鏡頭監控系統壓縮編碼–位元率分配機制 26
3.1 H.264視訊壓縮標準簡介 26
3.1.1 網路提取層(Network Abstraction Layer) 28
3.1.2 視訊編碼層(Video Coding Layer) 31
3.2 H.264位元率控制(Rate Control) 40
3.2.1 名詞解釋 43
3.2.2 位元率控制流程簡介 45
3.2.3 GOP層級的位元率控制 46
3.2.4 Frame層級的位元率控制 47
3.2.5 Basic Unit的位元率控制 50
3.3 多鏡頭位元率分配機制目的與相關研究 52
3.4 基於Q-R-D模型之多鏡頭下的調適性位元率分配 54
3.4.1 Q-D線性趨近線 54
3.4.2 Q-R乘冪趨近線 58
3.4.3 AQRD位元率分配機制（Adaptive Q-R-D Rate Allocation） 61
第四章多鏡頭視訊監控系統 64
4.1 系統概觀與架構 64
4.2 系統功能簡介 66
4.3 系統實施方式 70
4.3.1 視訊擷取 70
4.3.2 輸入影像格式 77
4.3.3 使用Intel MMX技術作程式最佳化 78
4.3.4 RTP連線 87
4.4 系統實作成果 98
第五章實驗結果分析與討論 108
5.1 環境參數設定與使用的視訊樣本 108
5.2 以邊緣為基礎之前景區塊偵測機制的結果分析與討論 111
5.3 基於Q-R-D模型之多鏡頭下的調適性位元率分配機制的結果分析與討論 118
5.4 系統效能分析比較 139
第六章結論與未來展望 142
參考文獻 144

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2006-7-17

推文