冷媒R-134a和R-1234yf在板式熱交換器中之蒸發和凝結熱傳實驗分析

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陳冠廷(Kuan-Ting Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

冷媒R-134a和R-1234yf在板式熱交換器中之蒸發和凝結熱傳實驗分析
(Experimental Study on Flow Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer of Refrigerants R-134a and R-1234yf in Plate Heat Exchangers)

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摘要(中)

由於全球暖化已經成為全球越來越重要的議題，在車用空調中所使用的傳統HCFC和HFC冷媒很快會在未來被淘汰掉，近來有一種新型冷媒R-1234yf出現，其GWP值僅只有4遠低於R-134a的GWP值1430，除此之外R-1234yf的熱力性質與R-134a非常相似，使它非常適合用來取代R-134a。
本實驗以實驗方法來測試冷媒R-134a以及低GWP冷媒R-1234yf在板式熱交換器中流動沸騰、冷凝之熱傳係數、壓降的表現以及兩種冷媒之間的差異，其中在實驗中所使用的板式熱交換器長194mm、寬154mm、高80mm並且由6個版片組合而成，實驗中的飽和溫度為30°C，流量分別為 G=10, 20, 30 and 40 kg/m2s，冷媒在板式熱交換器入出口之間的乾度變化量為0.2。實驗結果顯示在高流量時兩種冷媒的熱傳係數會因為性質相似的原因而非常相近；R-1234yf的摩擦壓降均比R-134a來的低這是因為在R-1234yf的動黏滯係數比R-134a來的低所造成的。

摘要(英)

Due to the effect of the global warming has become more and more important, the conventional refrigerants like HCFC and HFC will be phased out for the application on automobile air-condition systems in the near future. Recently a new refrigerant, R-1234yf has been developed with GWP as low as 4, which is much lower than the GWP value of 1430 of the R-134a. Moreover, R-1234yf has similar thermodynamic properties compare to R-134a, which makes it a good candidate for replacing the R-134a.
This study provides an experimental investigation on two-phase flow boiling and condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of refrigerants R-134a and low GWP refrigerant R-1234yf in 6 plates brazed plate heat exchangers with length 194mm, width 154mm and height of 80mm. The experiment is done under saturation temperature of 30°C and mass flux of G=10, 20, 30 and 40 kg/m2s, the vapor quality change from the inlet to the outlet of the test section is 0.2. The result shows that the heat transfer coefficient of both refrigerants will be similar in plate heat exchanger due to the similarity of their properties, the pressure drop of R-1234yf is slightly lower compare to R-134a because of the lower viscosity of R-1234yf.

關鍵字(中)

★ R-1234yf
★ R-134a
★ 流動沸騰
★ 冷凝
★ 板式熱交換器
★ 熱傳係數
★ 壓降

關鍵字(英)

★ R-1234yf
★ R-134a
★ flow boiling
★ condensation
★ plate heat exchanger
★ heat transfer coefficient
★ pressure drop

論文目次

Table of Contents
Abstract i
摘要 ii
Table of Contents iii
Table of Tables x
Nomenclature xi
1. Introduction 1
1.1.　Background 1
1.2.　Research Objectives 3
2. Literature Review 6
2.1.　Effect of Chevron Angle of Plate in Plate Heat Exchanger 7
2.2.　Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Inside a Plate Heat Exchanger 8
2.3.　Condensation Heat Transfer Inside a Plate Heat Exchanger 10
2.4.　Two Phase Pressure Drop Inside a Plate Heat Exchanger 11
2.5.　Summary of Literature Review 12
3. Experimental Facility and Method 25
3.1.　Introduction 25
3.2.　Experimental Test section 25
3.3.　Experimental System 26
3.3.1.　Refrigerant loop 26
3.3.2.　Heating water loop 27
3.3.3.　Pre-heating water loop 28
3.3.4.　Sub-cooling water loop 28
3.4.　Experiment Apparatus 28
3.4.1.　Temperature measurement 28
3.4.2.　Pressure measurement 29
3.4.3.　Differential pressure measurement 29
3.4.4.　Flow measurement 29
3.5.　Experiment Procedure 29
3.6.　Data Reduction 31
3.7.　Modified Wilson Plot 34
4. Result and Discussion 48
4.1.　Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop 48
4.2.　Two-Phase Flow Boiling Pressure Drop 48
4.3.　Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer 50
4.4.　Condensation Pressure Drop 53
4.5.　Condensation Heat Transfer 55
4.6.　Heat Exchanger Design Considerations 57
5. Conclusion 104
6. Reference 105
7. Appendix 108
Appendix A Uncertainty Analysis 108
(1) Uncertainty of Mass Flux on Refrigerant Side 109
(2) Uncertainty of Heat Transfer Rate 109
(3) Uncertainty of Total Thermal Resistance 110
(4) Uncertainty of Heat Transfer Coefficient on Water Side 111
(5) Uncertainty of Heat Transfer Coefficient on Refrigerant Side 112
(6) Uncertainty of Vapor Quality 112

Table of Figures
Figure 1.1 Basic process of greenhouse effect [6] 4
Figure 2.1 The effect of the corrugation inclination angle on heat transfer at constant Reynolds number [8]. 14
Figure 2.2 The effect of the corrugation inclination angle on pressure drop at constant Reynolds numbers [8]. 15
Figure 2.3 Experimental friction factors in different chevron angles [8]. 16
Figure 2.4 Heat transfer coefficient versus the vapor quality for various heat fluxes (adapted from [11]). 17
Figure 2.5 Boiling curves for various mass fluxes of G=50, 100 and 200 kg/m2s (adapted from [12]). 18
Figure 2.6 Photos for the subcooled flow boiling of R-134a at G=50 kg/m2s, Tsat =26.7 °C and ∆Tsub = 10 °C, (a) q = 6 kW/m2, (b) q = 10 kW/m2, (c) q = 15 kW/m2. [12] 19
Figure 2.7 Average heat transfer coefficient of R-134a vs. mass flux [13] 20
Figure 2.8 Average heat transfer coefficient of R-1234yf vs. mass flux [14] 21
Figure 2.9 Heat transfer coefficient of R-1234yf and R-134a vs. mass flux [14]. 22
Figure 2.10 Frictional pressure drop of R-134a, R-1234yf and R-1234ze under different outlet vapor quality 23
Figure 2.11 Frictional pressure drop of R-1234yf and R-134a vs. mass flux [14]. 24
Figure 3.1 Geometric parameters of the K030 test plates 43
Figure 3.2 Geometric parameters of the K030L test plates 44
Figure 3.3 Schematic of the experimental setup 45
Figure 3.4 Modified Wilson Plot experimental result for the outer side of K030 plate heat exchanger 46
Figure 3.5 Modified Wilson Plot experimental result for the outer side of K030L plate heat exchanger 47
Figure 4.1 Single-phase liquid friction factor of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger 60
Figure 4.2 Single-phase liquid Nusselt number of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger 61
Figure 4.3 Single-phase liquid friction factor of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger 62
Figure 4.4 Single-phase liquid Nusselt number of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger 63
Figure 4.5 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 64
Figure 4.6 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 65
Figure 4.7 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 66
Figure 4.8 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 67
Figure 4.9 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 68
Figure 4.10 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 69
Figure 4.11 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 70
Figure 4.12 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 71
Figure 4.13 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 72
Figure 4.14 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 73
Figure 4.15 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 74
Figure 4.16 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 75
Figure 4.17 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 76
Figure 4.18 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 77
Figure 4.19 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 78
Figure 4.20 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a inside K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 79
Figure 4.21 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 80
Figure 4.22 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 81
Figure 4.23 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 82
Figure 4.24 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 83
Figure 4.25 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 84
Figure 4.26 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 85
Figure 4.27 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 86
Figure 4.28 Condensation pressure drop of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 87
Figure 4.29 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 88
Figure 4.30 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 89
Figure 4.31 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 90
Figure 4.32 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030 plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 91
Figure 4.33 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 92
Figure 4.34 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 93
Figure 4.35 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 94
Figure 4.36 Condensation heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-1234yf and R-134a in K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 95
Figure 4.37 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 96
Figure 4.38 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 97
Figure 4.39 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 98
Figure 4.40 Boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 99
Figure 4.41 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=10 kg/m2s 100
Figure 4.42 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=20 kg/m2s 101
Figure 4.43 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=30 kg/m2s 102
Figure 4.44 Boiling pressure drop of refrigerants R-134a in K030 and K030L plate heat exchanger under mass flux G=40 kg/m2s 103
Table of Tables
Table 1.1 Thermodynamics properties of R-1234yf and R-134a at Tsat = 30 °C 5
Table 2.1 Number of papers related to HFO refrigerants (2008~) 13
Table 3.1. Geometrical characteristics of the plate heat exchangers 39
Table 3.2 Test condition for flow boiling experiment 40
Table 3.3 Test condition for condensation experiment 41
Table 3.4 Uncertainties of apparatus and derived parameters 42

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7.

指導教授

楊建裕(Chien-Yuh Yang)

審核日期

2019-8-7

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