以作者查詢圖書館館藏 、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 、以作者查詢全國書目 、勘誤回報 、線上人數:19 、訪客IP:18.223.206.84
姓名 黃慈君(Tzu-Chun huang) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 溫度及鹽水濃度對壓實膨潤土回脹性質之影響
(Influences of temperature elevation and salinity on the swelling behaviors of compacted bentonite)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式] [Bibtex 格式] [相關文章] [文章引用] [完整記錄] [館藏目錄] [檢視] [下載]
- 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
- 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
- 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
摘要(中) 摘 要
膨潤土具有良好的阻隔能力,即低滲透性、低乾縮量、高熱傳導度和高回脹性,故世界各國常將其選為高放射性廢棄物處置場中的候選緩衝材料。台灣四面環海,未來高放射性廢棄物處置場的場址亦可能瀕臨海邊,故海水入侵後引致膨潤土的回脹行為有進一步研究的必要,本文探討含有蒙脫石黏土礦物的鈉型膨潤土,在處置區域受高放射性廢棄物衰變熱、地溫梯度的影響及含鹽地下水入侵的共同作用下,對緩衝材料的回脹行為可能引發的效應進行相關研究。因此,本文以不同乾密度的壓實膨潤土,分別在不同溫度、不同氯化鈉濃度溶液中,進行回脹試驗。由於處置場環境的複雜性,在此領域進行各項因子耦合效應的實驗研究過於複雜且較為少見,故本文採用田永銘(2001)所改良之回脹應變、回脹壓力試驗儀器。輔以試驗溶液上覆蓋矽油油膜,解決高溫時蒸發量大及熱散失的問題,以便模擬實驗環境處於高溫及高氯化鈉溶液濃度之狀態。此外,過去對於回脹性質的相關公式僅能針對特定條件做定性的評估,不易獲致定量化的預測模式,本文利用田永銘(1992)建立之遲延回脹模式,以明確的物理意義預測完整之回脹歷程。摘要(英) Abstract
Bentonite possesses good characteristics of isolation, low permeability, low shrinkage, highly thermal conductivity and highly swelling potential. Therefore, bentonite has been considered as an accepted buffer material of the world for repositories of high-level radioactive wastes.
Taiwan is encircled by sea, the repository sites may be near to the sea in the future. Therefore, it is further necessary to study about swelling behavior of bentonite induced by seawater incursion. In this study, it is finished that sodium-bentonite containing montmorillonite bring about various effects for swelling behavior of buffer materials when the substance is suffering all affects of heat decay, geothermal gradient and groundwater containing salt incursion in the repositories.
The compacted bentonite is used to investigate swelling behaviors through several tests at various dry densities, temperatures and sodium chloride solutions. It is hardly to proceed with experiments of coupled processes during the various factors because repository environment is very complex and the laboratory tests is difficult and few in the study field. Therefore, this study is adopted by Tien(2001)designing the test equipment and method for measuring swelling strain and swelling pressure of compacted bentonite. In order to simulate experiment environments applying in the high temperature and sodium chloride solution concentration, the solution was covered with a thickness of 1 mm by silicone fluids oil membrane to solve the problems of large evaporation and heat dissipating in high temperature.
Furthermore, it is only obtained by qualitative evaluation of specific conditions for the formula of swelling property not easily acquired the quantitative predictable model in the past. This study is used by the delay swell model of Tien(1992)to simulate a complete swelling mechanism according to clear physical meanings關鍵字(中) ★ 緩衝材料
★ 溫度
★ 氯化鈉溶液
★ 回脹試驗
★ 回脹模式關鍵字(英) ★ buffer materials
★ temperature
★ sodium chloride solution論文目次 目 錄
中文摘要.............................I
英文摘要.............................II
誌 謝.............................IV
目 錄.............................V
圖 目 錄.............................IX
表 目 錄.............................XIII
第一章 緒論..........................1
1.1 研究動機和目的...................1
1.2 研究方法.........................2
第二章 文獻回顧......................4
2.1 放射性廢棄物最終處置之概念.......4
2.1.1 國外處理情形...................5
2.1.2 國內處理情形...................7
2.2 緩衝材料的概念及功能.............7
2.3 膨潤土的基本性質.................9
2.4 黏土礦物的回脹機制...............10
2.4.1 回脹行為的基本概念.............10
2.4.2 回脹行為模式...................10
2.5 含鹽量對回脹性質的影響...........12
2.6 溫度對回脹性質的影響.............14
2.7 耦合效應.........................15
2.8 預測模式.........................18
2.8.1 擴散雙層模式...................18
2.8.2 離子濃度對擴散雙層的影響.......21
2.8.3 溫度對擴散雙層的影響...........21
2.8.4 回脹壓力預測模式...............22
2.9 回脹試驗方法.....................25
2.9.1 鹽離子濃度溶液中之回脹試驗.....25
2.9.2 高溫回脹試驗...................26
第三章 研究方法......................28
3.1 試驗材料.........................28
3.2 實驗儀器.........................29
3.2.1 材料試驗系統...................29
3.2.2 數據顯示器.....................30
3.2.3 回脹試體壓製模具...............31
3.2.4 回脹應變試驗儀器...............32
3.2.5 回脹壓力試驗儀器...............33
3.2.6 海水濃度屈折計.................33
3.3 實驗方法.........................34
3.3.1 實驗變因控制方法...............34
3.3.2 保溫及防蒸發用油測試...........36
3.3.3 熱散失試驗.....................38
3.3.4 回脹試體準備 ...................39
3.3.5 單向度回脹應變試驗.............40
3.3.6 定體積回脹壓力試驗.............41
第四章 回脹試驗技術改進..............43
4.1 蒸發量測試結果...................43
4.2 熱能散失試驗.....................48
4.2.1 熱散失功率分析.................49
4.2.2 最佳化回脹實驗條件.............54
4.3 油膜對回脹性質之影響.............55
第五章 回脹性質試驗結果..............58
5.1 單向度回脹應變試驗結果...........58
5.1.1 單向度回脹應變量計算...........58
5.1.2 不均勻膨脹現象.................59
5.1.3 回脹歷時曲線...................59
5.1.4 乾密度與回脹應變...............61
5.1.5 離子濃度與回脹應變.............63
5.1.6 溫度與回脹應變.................67
5.2 定體積回脹壓力試驗...............71
5.2.1 定體積回脹壓力量計算...........71
5.2.2 回脹壓力歷時曲線...............72
5.2.3 乾密度與回脹壓力...............73
5.2.4 離子濃度與回脹壓力.............76
第六章 模式建立與預測................78
6.1 遲延回脹模式.....................78
6.1.1 模式之建立.....................78
6.1.2 模式參數之決定.................82
6.2 遲延回脹模式之預測結果...........86
第七章 結論與建議....................97
7.1 結論.............................97
7.1.1 回脹試驗技術改進...............97
7.1.2 回脹試驗結果...................98
7.2 建議.............................99
參考文獻.............................100
附錄一、回脹壓力歷時曲線圖...........104參考文獻 參考文獻
1.工業污染防治技術服務團,機械加工用油減廢與處理技術,經濟部工業局,台北
(1996)。
2.王明光譯,土壤環境化學,國立編譯館,台北(1997)。
3.王明光譯,環境土壤化學,五南圖書出版公司,台北(2000)。
4.田殿元,油類學,台灣商務印書館股份有限公司,台北(1975)。
5.田永銘,「大地材料之吸水回脹行為」,博士論文,國立成功大學土木工程研究所,台南
(1992)。
6.田永銘、李德河,「黏土質材料的吸水回脹速率」,中國土木水利工程學刊,第六卷,第
二期,第223-232頁(1994)。
7.田永銘、李盈宗、黃哲君、陳仁達,「生石灰之吸水膨脹行為」,第七屆大地工程學術研
討會論文集,金山,第119-126頁(1997)。
8.田永銘,「放射性廢料處置緩衝材料回脹及熱傳導特性研究(Ι)」,行政院原子能委員
會委託研究計畫研究報告,中壢(2001)。
9.行政院原子能委員會放射性物料管理局,放射性廢料詞彙,台北(1996)。
10.林富慧等編輯,潤滑油、脂採購指南:1994-1997,石油情報出版社,台北(1993)。
11.卓智聰,「放射性廢料處置場緩衝材料之物理特性及配方研究」,碩士論文,國立中央
大學土木工程研究所,中壢(1999)。
12.張駟祥,食用油脂化學,食品工業發展研究所,桃園(1975)。
13.張有義、郭蘭生編譯,膠體及介面化學入門,高立圖書有限公司,台北(2001)。
14.莊文壽、洪錦雄、董家寶,「深層地質處置技術之研究」,核研季刊,第三十七期,第
44-54頁(2000)。
15.陳文泉、黃偉慶,「深地層處置緩衝材料熱-水力-機械-化學耦合作用探討」,核研季
刊,第四十二期,第38-48頁(2002)。
16.萬鑫森譯,基礎土壤物理學,國立編譯館,台北(1987)。
17.單信瑜,「放射性廢料處置場緩衝回填材料物性及化性之介紹」,放射性廢料最終處置
核種遷移與水文地質相關技術訓練研習會(第二期),(1997)。
18.ASTM D 4546-96, ”Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Swell or
Settlement Potential of Cohesive Soils,” Annual book of ASTM standards,
(1996).
19.Cho, W. J., Lee, J. O., and Kang, C. H., “Influence of temperature
elevation on the sealing performance of a potential buffer material for a
high-level radioactive waste repository,” Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol.
27, pp. pp. 1271-1284(2000).
20.Herbert, H. J., and Moog, H. C., “Modeling of saturation and swelling
effects in clays under different saline conditions,” GRS, Vol. 7,(2000).
21.Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer,
John Wiley & Sons, New York(1996).
22.Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, “H12 Project to Establish
Technical Basis for HLW Disposal in Japan Supporting Report 2:Repository
Design and Engineering Technology, ” JNC TN1400 99-012(1999).
23.Komine, H., and Ogata, N., “Experimental study on swelling characteristics
of compacted bentonite,” Can. Geotech. J., Vol.31, pp. 478-490(1994).
24.Komine, H., and Ogata, N., “Prediction for swelling characteristics of
compacted bentonite,” Can. Geotech. J., Vol.33, pp. 11-22(1996).
25.Karnland, O., “Bentonite swelling pressure in strong NaCl solutions—
Correlation between model calculations and experimentally determined data,”
SKB technical report TR 97-31, Swedish(1997).
26.Kawamura, K., Ichikawa, Y., Nakano, M., Kitayama, K., and Kawamura, H.,
“Swelling properties of smectite up to 90℃ In situ X-ray diffraction
experiments and molecular dynamic simulations,” Engineering Geology , Vol.
54, pp. 75-79(1999).
27.Mitchell, J. K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, John Wiley & Sons, New York
(1976).
28.Madsen, F. T., and M.Muller-Vonmoos., “The swelling behavior of clays,”
Applied Clay Science, Vol. 4, pp 143–56.(1989)
29.Ma, C. M., and Hueckel, T., “Stress and pore pressure in saturated clay
subjected to heat from radioactive waste: a numerical simulation” Can.
Geotech. J., Vol.29, pp. 1087-1094(1992).
30.Madsen, F. T., “International society for rock mechanics commission on
swelling rocks and commission on testing methods,” Int. J. Rock Mech,
Mining Sci., Vol. 36, pp. 291-306(1999).
31.Marcial, D., Delage, P., and Cui, Y. J., “On the high stress compression of
bentonites,” Can. Geotech. J., Vol.39, pp. 812-820(2002).
32.Pusch, R., Waste Disposal in Rock, ELSEVIER, Amsterdam(1994).
33.Pusch, R., Karnland, O., Lajudie, A., Decarreau, A., “MX 80 clay exposed to
high temperatures and gamma radiation,” SKB technical report TR 93-03,
Swedish(1992).
34.Pusch, R., “Experimental study of the effect of high porewater salinity on
the physical properties of a natural smectitic clay,” SKB technical report
TR 01-07, Swedish(2001).
35.Sherif, M. A., Ishibashi, and Medhin B. W., “Swell of Wyoming
Montmorillonite and Sand Mixtures,” Journal of the Geotechnical
Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. GT1, pp. 33-45(1982).
36.Sherif, M. M., and Abdel-Rahman, A. M., “Influence of salts on the
behaviour of expansive soils,” Proceedings of the Ninth Asian Regional
Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Thailand, pp. 179-
182(1991).
37.Sridharan, a., and Choudhury, D., “swelling pressure of sodium
montmorillonites,” Geotechnique, Vol. 108, No. 6, pp. 459-462(2002).指導教授 田永銘、黃偉慶
(Yung-Ming Tien、Wei-Ching huang)審核日期 2003-7-16 推文 facebook plurk twitter funp google live udn HD myshare reddit netvibes friend youpush delicious baidu 網路書籤 Google bookmarks del.icio.us hemidemi myshare