探討體色與翅班對於牽牛花果蠅性選擇的影響

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姓名

陳期揚(Chi-Yang Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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生命科學系

論文名稱

探討體色與翅班對於牽牛花果蠅性選擇的影響
(Investigating the role of body color and wing spot on sexual selection of Drosophila elegans)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-5-31以後開放)

摘要(中)

牽牛花果蠅(Drosophila elegans)分布於東南亞的熱帶及亞熱帶區域，同地區的牽牛花果蠅呈現不同體色，大部分地區的牽牛花果蠅為棕色型，在台灣及沖繩地區為黑色型。果蠅雄蟲的前翅端區具有黑色翅斑，被認為與求偶成功率與否有關，而催化果蠅體內的多巴胺為黑色素的Yellow蛋白質，則在果蠅的體色與翅斑的形成扮演著重要的角色。本研究使用yellow基因突變的牽牛花果蠅測試體色與翅斑對雄果蠅求偶成功與否的影響，首先使用yellow突變和野生型雄果蠅與野生雌果蠅進行多重選擇測試。實驗結果顯示，yellow突變的雄果蠅交配率明顯地較野生型雄果蠅低。接下來使用了視力受損的白眼突變雌果蠅，做同樣的多重選擇測試，實驗結果與野生型雌果蠅的測試相同，暗示雌果蠅可能不是以體色選擇交配對象，在無選擇測試中，發現yellow突變的雄果蠅在求偶積極度上明顯低於野生型雄果蠅。令人感到意外地，混養兩種體色的雄果蠅後做多重選擇測試，發現雌果蠅對於不同體色的雄果蠅失去了選擇性，暗示著影響雌果蠅較不接受帶yellow突變雄果蠅的主要原因可能是雄果蠅體表碳氫化合物因為yellow基因缺陷而有所改變。

摘要(英)

Drosophila elegans distributing in Southeast Asia exhibits two body color morphs with non-overlapping geographical distribution. The brown morph populations are found in south species range while the black morph populations are only found in Taiwan and Okinawa. Drosophila elegans possess a black wing spot at the apical region of each wing. The wing spots have been shown to associate with courtship success. Among genes involved in pigmentation, yellow gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes dopamine to black melanin. In this study, the relationship of body color and wing spots on courtship success was tested by using a yellow mutant strain and a wildtype HK strain. We performed multiple choice tests to examine the preference on body color and wing spot by wildtype females. The less mating success rate was found in yellow mutant males. We further tested the role of body color by using white-eyed females in the multiple choice tests. The white-eyed females showed the same mating preference as that of wildtype females, suggesting that the visual perception is not the main factor affecting female preference. The frequency of courtship tested in no choice tests is lower in yellow mutant males, suggesting the male mating propensity may be reduced in yellow mutant males. Interestingly, the female preference disappeared after the yellow mutant males were mix-reared with wildtype males, suggesting the female mating preference may attribute to the change of the cuticular hydrocarbon in yellow mutant males.

關鍵字(中)

★ 牽牛花果蠅
★ 性選汰
★ 體色形成
★ 翅斑

關鍵字(英)

★ Drosophila elegans
★ sexual selection
★ pigmentation
★ wing spot

論文目次

中文摘要 v
英文摘要 vii
誌謝 vii
目錄 viii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1性選汰 1
1.2果蠅的求偶 2
1.3牽牛花果蠅Drosophila elegans 2
1.4 yellow基因 3
1.5研究動機及目的 4
第二章、材料與方法 5
2.1果蠅品系與培養環境 5
2.2果蠅雜交 6
2.3雌蟲偏好性測試 6
2.4果蠅體型大小測量 8
2.5 統計方法 8
第三章、結果 9
3.1使用HK品系母果蠅做多選擇測試，測試在棕黃兩種體色的雄果蠅的求偶成功率 9
3.2使用D. elegans HK white-eyed雌果蠅做多選擇測試，測試視覺是否為雌果蠅區分雄果蠅的主要感官因子 9
3.3測量胸部長度及翅膀尺寸確認體型大小是否影響求偶成功 10
3.4量測使用白眼雌果蠅的多選擇測試中雄果蠅的身體數據 10
3.5雄果蠅的求偶積極度測試 11
3.6將不同體色的雄果蠅混養，使用多選擇測試確認，雌果蠅是否依靠嗅覺(chemo-sensor)作為擇偶時優先使用的感官。 11
第四章、討論 13
4.1在進行多重選擇測試前，果蠅的轉移 13
4.2在吸出果蠅之後沒有補相同數量、體色的果蠅進壓克力箱內 13
4.3 雄果蠅體型大小與yellow基因突變的關係 14
4.5待解決的問題 14
第五章、結論 15
第六章、參考文獻 16
圖表 18
圖一、D. elegans HK及D. elegans HK yellow mutant的表觀 18
圖二、果蠅雜交流程圖 19
圖三、量測體型大小指標的背板長度與翅膀長度的範例 20
圖四、使用HK品系雌果蠅做多重選擇測試，雄果蠅的求偶成功對數及其卡方檢驗。 21
圖五、使用HK品系白眼雌果蠅做多重選擇測試，雄果蠅的求偶成功對數及其卡方檢驗。 22
圖六、在使用HK品系雌果蠅做多重選擇測試，雄果蠅的背板長度與翅膀長度的比較 23
圖七、使用HK品系雌果蠅做多重選擇測試中雄果蠅的身體背板長度比較 24
圖八、使用HK品系雌果蠅做多重選擇測試中雄果蠅的翅膀長度比較 25
圖九、使用HK品系白眼雌果蠅做多重選擇測試，雄果蠅的背板長度與翅膀長度的比較 26
圖十、使用HK品系白眼突變雌果蠅做多重選擇測試中雄果蠅的身體背板長度比較 27
圖十一、使用HK品系白眼突變雌果蠅做多重選擇測試中雄果蠅的翅膀長度長度比較 28
圖十二、使用HK品系雌果蠅做無選擇測試結果 29
圖十三、將混養在一起的不同體色雄果蠅與HK品系雌果蠅做多重選擇測試，雄果蠅的求偶成功對數及其卡方檢驗。 30

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指導教授

葉淑丹(Shu-Dan Yeh)

審核日期

2020-8-24

推文