台灣西南部衰減模式分析

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姓名	陳昭邑(Chao-Yi Chen) 查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	地球科學學系
論文名稱	台灣西南部衰減模式分析 (The Analysis of Three-Dimension Attenuation Tomography in Southwestern Taiwan)
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摘要(中)	本研究藉由研究台灣西南部的衰減模型（Q-1，Q：品質因子）來了解當地的構造特徵。衰減(attenuation)是了解地球內部構造的重要物理參數，但由於地震資料的缺乏，過去一直無法在台灣西南部得到解析度足夠的衰減模型。2010年，甲仙發生了西南台灣相隔46年的規模6以上的大地震，之後又相繼發生了2012霧台地震及2016的美濃地震，豐富了此區的地震資料，也提供我們進一步了解台灣西南部構造的可能性。本文的研究區間在東經120°至121°，北緯22.3°至23.3°。我們使用1991至2016年間的ML 3.5至5.5的TSMIP資料進行分析，在ω2-source model以及Q與頻率無關的假設下，使用格點搜尋(grid search)找到其對應的總路徑衰減運算子(t-operator)。有了t與已知的三維速度構造，利用區域性地震影像層析法 (local earthquake tomography, LET) 即可得到三維Q模型。在研究中，我們分別嘗試了網格間距10公里及5公里的模型，以期達到穩定模型與構造研究的平衡。研究結果顯示此區的地震集中在深度25公里以內的QP和QS (QP：由P波所得之Q；QS：由S波所得之Q) 高區，這些高Q的地區大致位於西部麓山帶。深度5公里時在東經120.5°的附近有一片低QP值的區域可反映出高雄基盤的位置。在柴山地區淺層的高雄石灰岩可能導致了當地的高QP、QS數值。在此區龍船斷層、旗山斷層等斷層兩側皆可發現Q值的側向變化。在2016美濃主震以西的淺層可看到一低QP、QS跟高QP/QS的區域，可能是因高孔隙液壓的古亭坑泥岩所導致。
摘要(英)	We used waveform data from Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP) to analyze the attenuation property of southwestern Taiwan. The original data is the spectrums of P- wave and S- wave from 1991 to 2016 with ML 3.5 to 5.5. Then we got 324 events for QP and 394 events for QS. First, we used grid search to determine t* by assuming a ?2-source- model and a frequency-independent Q. The corner frequency of each event was fixed, and we defined a quality index to weight data for the inversion. Finally, we got QP and QS model of southwestern Taiwan by Local Earthquake Tomography (LET). The results show that high Q region with higher seismicity which is located in Western Foothills and the low QP area in 5 km depth implies the position of Kaohsiung basement. The Kaohsiung limestone contributes to the high Q in the shallower part of Shoushan. The lateral Q variation is observed in many faults. Our results imply that there is a high fluid pressure zone with low Q and high QP/QS above the hypocenter of the 2016 Meinong earthquake. On the other hand, a low fluid pressure zone with high Q and low QP/QS exists beneath the hypocenter.
關鍵字(中)	★ 衰減 ★ 影相層析	關鍵字(英)	★ attenuation ★ tomography
論文目次	摘要....................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT........................................................................................................III 誌謝.................................................................................................................... IV 目錄......................................................................................................................V 圖目錄............................................................................................................... VII 表目錄..................................................................................................................X 第一章緒論.........................................................................................................1 1.1 研究動機與目的...........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究區域概述...............................................................................................................................................1 1.3 文獻回顧.......................................................................................................................................................8 1.4 本文內容.....................................................................................................................................................13 第二章研究方法...............................................................................................15 2.1 理論基礎.....................................................................................................................................................15 2.2 區域性地震影像分析(LET)..................................................................................................................20 2.3 波線理論.....................................................................................................................................................23 第三章研究流程...............................................................................................28 3.1 資料選取.....................................................................................................................................................28 3.2 格點搜尋(GRID SEARCH).......................................................................................................................34 3.3 衰減運算子 T*的品質評估........................................................................................................................37 3.4 影像層析運算參數設定.............................................................................................................................42 第四章研究結果...............................................................................................53 4.1 解析度討論.................................................................................................................................................53 4.2 研究方法探討.............................................................................................................................................59 v 4.3 三維 QP 衰減模型.......................................................................................................................................77 4.4 三維 QS 衰減模型.......................................................................................................................................84 4.5 三維 QP/QS 模型 .........................................................................................................................................90 第五章討論.......................................................................................................93 5.1 時間變化.....................................................................................................................................................93 5.2 空間分佈.....................................................................................................................................................98 第六章結論.....................................................................................................115 參考文獻........................................................................................................... 116
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指導教授	馬國鳳郭陳澔(Kuo-Fong Ma hao kuo-chen)	審核日期	2020-7-24
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