熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放特性探討

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：38

、訪客IP：18.116.62.45

姓名

徐偉恩(Wei-En Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所

論文名稱

熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放特性探討
(Characterization of Dioxin Emissions from Thermal Processes)

相關論文

★ 國內汽車業表面塗裝製程VOCs減量技術探討	★ 光電廠溫室效應氣體排放量推估-以龍潭廠區為例
★ 受苯、甲苯與1,2-二氯乙烷污染場址之案例研究	★ TFT-LCD產業揮發性有機物(VOCs)空氣污染之減量與防制之研究
★ 膠帶製造業VOCs排放與防制效率之探討	★ 校園環境噪音對國三學生煩擾度及學習成就的影響－以桃園縣某國中為例
★ 醫療業從業人員職業災害分析探討-以某區域醫院為例	★ 面板製程之有害物暴露評估-以A廠為例
★ 更換低噪音工具以改善廠房噪音之研究-以汽車製造A廠為例	★ 以高溫熔融還原法回收不銹鋼集塵灰中鉻與鎳之效益探討
★ 以介電質放電技術轉化四氟甲烷及六氟乙烷之初步探討	★ 垃圾焚化爐空氣污染控制設備影響戴奧辛排放特性之初步探討
★ 以活性碳吸附煙道排氣中戴奧辛之初步研究	★ 以低溫電漿去除揮發性有機物之研究
★ 北台灣大氣環境中戴奧辛濃度之分布特性研究	★ 介電質放電技術控制小型重油鍋爐氮氧化物排放之可行性研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究探討中部一座木屑鍋爐廠之操作條件對戴奧辛排放特性及生成潛勢之影響，調查其物種分布特性，並蒐集焚化爐、中小型焚化爐、電弧爐、二次銅冶煉爐及木屑鍋爐等固定污染源之煙囪煙道氣戴奧辛排放數據，彙整其戴奧辛同源物種分布特性加以比對檢視，觀察相同之處。結果顯示木屑鍋爐第一次採樣及第二次採樣煙囪煙道氣戴奧辛濃度分別為2.39 ng/Nm3及6.53 ng/Nm3其毒性當量分別為0.21 ng I-TEQ/Nm3及0.17 ng I-TEQ/Nm3，兩次採樣之毒性當量濃度目前以我國中小型焚化爐每小時四公噸以下的標準視均符合法規標準，但未來若以中小型廢棄物焚化爐煙道戴奧辛 (11%氧含量校正)或鍋爐空氣污染物(6%氧含量校正)排放標準審視本廠之戴奧辛排放濃度，仍須進一步改善戴奧辛濃度。在排放係數上，1號及2號鍋爐分別為152及184 μg I-TEQ/ton，高於其他行業之排放係數，顯示在木屑鍋爐之戴奧辛排放不容忽視。同源物種方面在飛灰及煙道氣皆以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD 及 O8CDD為優勢物種。另外搜集了29廠不同熱處理程序之煙道氣戴奧辛數據與本研究之木屑鍋爐進行物種分布比對及探討，發現大多數排放源之戴奧辛物種分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF、O8CDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD及O8CDD為主要優勢物種，少部分排放源則分布較為複雜，且高低氯數佔比相當。PCA分析結果將戴奧辛物種分布相似之污染源聚集一群，暸解在熱處理程序雖有不同，但鍋爐後端防制設備及操作條件能有效去除戴奧辛時，其物種分布為相似的，且多以高氯數之DD/DF為優勢物種。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the characteristics of PCDD/Fs emission from a wood chip boiler. It also investigates the congener distribution via collection of PCDD/F emission data from MSWI, small and medium-sized incinerators, and electric arc furnace, secondary copper smelting furnace and wood chip boilers. The results show that the concentrations of dioxin in the flue gas of the first sampling and the second sampling of the wood chip boiler are 2.39 ng/Nm3 and 6.53 ng/Nm3, respectively, and the toxic equivalents are 0.21 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 and 0.17 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs measured at the stack are lower than the emission limit (0.5 ng I-TEQ/Nm3). In terms of emission factor, No. 1 and No. 2 boilers are 152 and 184 μg I-TEQ/ton, respectively, which are higher than the emission factors of other thermal processes, indicating that the dioxin emission in wood chip boilers cannot be ignored. In terms of homologous species, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD and O8CDD are the dominant congeners in fly ash and flue gas. In addition, the dioxin emission data of 29 plants with different thermal processes were collected and compared with the wood chip boilers in this study. It was found that 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF, O8CDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD and O8CDD are the dominant congeners for most plants studied, and a small number of plants are more complex in distribution, and the proportion of high and low chlorine numbers is equivalent. In the PCA analysis, most pollution sources with similar dioxin congener distribution were gathered into a group. It is understood that although the thermal processes investigated are different, as long as the APCDs adopted can effectively remove dioxin from gas streams, the distribution of congener will be very similar.

關鍵字(中)

★ 熱處理程序
★ 木屑鍋爐
★ 戴奧辛
★ 主成分分析

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章研究緣起與目的 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 戴奧辛類化合物 3
2-2 燃燒過程中戴奧辛類化合物的生成機制 7
2-3 國內戴奧辛排放現況 11
2-4 排放控制技術 19
2-4-1 減少戴奧辛之前驅物及催化金屬進入系統 19
2-4-2 減少爐內生成 20
2-4-3 避免爐外低溫再合成 22
2-4-4 去除已生成之戴奧辛類化合物 23
2-5 木屑鍋爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 32
2-5-1 木材特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 33
2-5-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 36
2-6 焚化爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 38
2-6-1 廢棄物特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 39
2-6-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 41
2-7 冶煉廠戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 43
2-7-1 物料特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 44
2-7-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 45
2-8 電弧爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 46
2-9 熱處理程序之戴奧辛物種排放分布比對 47
2-9-1 焚化廠排放物種 47
2-9-2 電弧爐排放物種 49
2-9-3 二次銅冶鍊廠排放物種 51
2-9-4 木屑鍋爐排放物種 53
2-9-5 各類熱處理程序之戴奧辛物種 55
第三章研究方法 56
3-1 研究流程 56
3-2 採樣對象 56
3-3 固定污染源之數據資料 58
3-4 煙道樣品採樣程序 59
3-5 灰樣品採樣程序 60
3-6 戴奧辛類化合物樣品前處理與分析方法 60
3-6-1 煙道樣品萃取程序 60
3-6-2 底渣及飛灰樣品萃取程序 62
3-6-3 戴奧辛類化合物樣品淨化程序 63
3-6-4 HRGC/HRMS分析 64
3-7 主成分因子分析(Principal component analysis, PCA) 64
第四章結果與討論 71
4-1 第一次採樣1號鍋爐操作參數 71
4-1-1 第一次採樣(1號爐)各點戴奧辛濃度 74
4-1-2 第一次採樣(1號爐)各點戴奧辛物種分布 77
4-1-3 第一次採樣(1號爐)底渣及飛灰戴奧辛濃度 79
4-2第二次採樣 83
4-2-1 2號鍋爐之操作參數 84
4-2-2 2號鍋爐煙囪之戴奧辛濃度 85
4-2-3 2號鍋爐灰渣戴奧辛濃度 87
4-3 木屑鍋爐之排放係數 93
4-4 其他熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放物種分布 95
4-4-1 焚化廠之戴奧辛物種分布 95
4-4-2 電弧爐之戴奧辛物種分布 97
4-4-3 二次銅冶煉廠之戴奧辛物種分布 99
4-4-4 中小型焚化爐之戴奧辛物種分布 102
4-4-5 木屑鍋爐之戴奧辛物種分布 104
4-5 主成分分析(PCA) 107
4-5-1 焚化爐之PCA分析 107
4-5-2 電弧爐之PCA分析 108
4-5-3 二次銅冶鍊之PCA分析 109
4-5-4 中小型焚化爐之PCA分析 111
4-5-5 木屑鍋爐之PCA分析 112
第五章結論與建議 117
5-1 結論 117
5-2 建議 119
參考文獻 120

參考文獻

Addink, R and Olie, K., “Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems”, Enviornmental Science & Technology, Vol. 29, No.6, 1995.
Altarawneh, M., Dlugogorski, B. Z., Kennedy, E. M., & Mackie, J. C., “Mechanisms for Formation, Chlorination, Dechlorination and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)”, Progress in energy and combustion science, Vol. 35(3), pp.245-274., 2009.
Atkins, A., Bignal, K.L., Zhou, J.L. and Cazier, F., “Profiles of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Combustion of Biomass Pellets”, Chemosphere, Vol. 78, pp. 1385-1392, 2010.
Aurell, J and Marklund, S., “Effects of Varying Combustion Conditions on PCDD/F Emissions and Formation during MSW Incineration”, Chemosphere, Vol. 75, pp.667-673, 2009.
Bai, S.T., Chang, S.H., Duh, J.M., Sung, F.H., Su, J.S., Chang, M.B., “Characterization of PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs Emitted from two Woodchip Boilers in Taiwan”, Chemosphere, Vol. 189, pp. 284-290, 2017.
Ballschmiter, K., Zoller, W., Scholz, C., Nottrodt, A., “Occurrence and Absence of Polychlorodibenzofurans and Polychlorodibenzodioxins in Fly Ash from Municipal Incinerators”, Chemosphere, Vol. 12, pp. 585-594, 1983.
Bebara, L., Kermesa, V., Stehlika, P., Canekb, J., Oralc, J., “Low NOx Burners-prediction of Emissions Concentration Based on Design, Measurements and Modelling”, Waste Management, Vol. 22, pp. 443-451, 2002.
Blumenstock, M., Zimmermann, R., Schramm, K.W., Kettrup, A., “Influence of Combustion Conditions on the PCDD/F, PCB, PCBz and PAHs Concentrations in the Post-combustion Chamber of a Waste Incineration Pilot Plant”, Chemosphere, Vol. 40, pp. 987-993, 2000.
Brink, R. W., Louw, R., Mulder, P., “Formation of Polychlorinated Benzenes during the Catalytic Combustion of Chlorobenzene Using a Pt/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst”, Applied Catalysis B : Environmental, Vol. 16, pp. 219-226, 1998.
Chang, M. B., Lin, J.J., “Memory Effect on Dioxin Emissions from Municipal Waste Incinerator in Taiwan”, Chemosphere,. Vol. 48, pp. 1151-1157, 2001.
Chang, S. H., Chi, K. H., Young, C. W., Hong, B. Z. and Chang, M. B., “Effect of Fly Ash on Catalytic Removal of Gaseous Dioxins Over V2O5-WO3 Catalyst of a Sinter Plant”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 43, pp.7523-7530, 2009.
Chen, T., Zhan, M.X. and Lin, X.Q., “Inhibition of de novo Synthesis of PCDD/Fs on Model Fly Ash by Sludge Drying Gases”, Chemosphere,. Vol. 114, pp. 226-232, 2014.
Chi, K. H., Chang, M. B., Chang-Chien G. P. and Lin C., “Characteristic of PCDD/F Congener Distributions in Gas/Particulate Phases and Emissions From two Muncipial Solid Waste Incinerations in Taiwan”, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 347, pp. 148-162, 2005.
Dickson, L.C., Lenoir, D. and Hutzinger, O., “Surface-catalyzed Formation of Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans during Incineration”, Chemosphere, Vol. 19, pp. 277-282, 1989.
Evans, C.S., Dellinger, B., “Mechanisms of Dioxin Formation from the High-temperature Pyrolysis of 2-Chlorophenol”, Environmental Science & Technology,. Vol. 37, pp. 1325-1330, 2003.
Everaert, K., Baeyens, J., “The Formation and Emission of Dioxin in Large Scale Thermal Processes”, Chemosphere, Vol. 46, pp. 439-448, 2002.
Ghorishi, S.B. and Altwicker, E.R., “Formation of Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans, Benzenes, and Phenols in the Post-combustion Region of Heterogeneous Combustor: Effect of Bed Material and Post Combustion Temperature”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 29, pp. 1158-1182, 1995.
Gullett, B.K., Raghunathan, K., Dunn, J.E., “The Effect of Cofiring High-sulfur Coal with Municipal Waste on Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran”, Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 15, pp. 59-70, 1998.
Hagelüken, C., “Recycling of Electronic Scrap at Umicore’s Integrated Metals Smelter and Refinery”, World of Metallurgy, ERZMETALL, Vol. 59, pp. 152-161, 2006.
Hung, P.C., Chang, C.C., Chang, S.H., Chang, M.B., “Characteristics of PCDD/F Emissions from Secondary Copper Smelting Industry”, Chemosphere, Vol. 118, pp. 148-155, 2015.
Hung, P.C., Chang, S.H., Lin, S.H., Buekens, A., Chang, M.B., “Pilot Tests on the Catalytic Filtration of Dioxins”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 3995-4001, 2014.
Hung, P.C., Chi, K.H., Chen, M.L., Chang, M.B., “Characteristics of Dioxin Emissions from a Waelz Plant with Acid and Basic Kiln Mode”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 201-202, pp. 229-235, 2012.
Khalfi, A., Trouve, G., Delobel, R. and Delfosse, L., “Correlation of CO and PAH Emissions during Laboratory-scale Incineration of Wood Waste Furnitures”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 56, pp. 243-262, 2000.
Kulkarni, P.S., Crespo, J.G., Afonso, C.A.M., “Dioxins Sources and Current Remediation Technologies - A review”, Environment International, Vol. 34, pp. 139-153, 2008.
Launhardt, T. and Thoma, H., “Investigation on Organic Pollutants from a Domestic Heating System Using Various Solid Biofuels”, Chemosphere, Vol. 40, pp. 1149-1157, 2000.
Lee, W. S., Chang-Chien, G. P., Wang, L. C., Lee, W. J., Wu, K. Y., Tsai, P. J., ”Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Stack Gases of Electric Arc Furnaces and Secondary Aluminum Smelters”, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 55, pp. 219-226, 2005.
Lemieux, P.M., Lee, C.W., Ryan, J.V., Lutes, C.C., “Bench-scale Studies on the Simultaneous Formation of PCBs and PCDD/Fs from Combustion Systems”, Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp. 419-425, 2001.
Lundin, L. and Jansson, S., “The Effects of Fuel Composition and Ammonium Sulfate Addition on PCDD, PCDF, PCN and PCB Concentrations during the Combustion of Biomass and Paper Production Residuals”, Chemosphere, Vol. 94, pp. 20-26, 2014.
Lundin, L., Francisca, M., Forsberg, C., Nordenskjold, C. and Jansson, S., “Reduction of PCDD, PCDF and PCB during Co-combustion of Biomass with Waste Products from Pulp and Paper Industry”, Chemosphere, Vol. 91, pp. 797-801, 2013.
McKay, G., “Dioxin Characterisation, Formation and Minimisation during Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incineration: Review”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 86, pp. 343-368, 2002.
Milligan, M.S., Altwicker, E., “The Relationship Between de novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Low-temperature Carbon Gasification in Fly Ash”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 1595- 1601, 1993.
Nganai, S., Dellinger, B., Lomnicki, S., “PCDD/PCDF Ratio in the Precursor Formation Model over CuO Surface”, Enviornmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 13864-13870, 2014.
Nganai, S., Lomnicki, S., Dellinger, B., “Ferric Oxide Mediated Formation of PCDD/Fs from 2-Monochlorophenol”, Enviornmental Science & Technology, Vol. 43, pp. 368-373, 2009.
Nganai, S., Lomnicki, SM., Dellinger, B., “Formation of PCDD/Fs from the Copper Oxide-Mediated Pyrolysis and Oxidation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene”, Enviornmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, pp. 1034-1040, 2011.
Olie, K., Vermeulen, P.L., Hutzinger, O., “Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Chlorodibenzofurans are Trace Components of Fly Ash and Flue Gas of Some Municipal Incinerators in the Netherlands”, Chemosphere, Vol. 6, pp. 455-459, 1977.
Pandelova, M., Stanev, I., Henkelmann, B., and Schramm, Karl., “Correlation of PCDD/F and PCB at Combustion Experiments Using Wood and Hospital Waste. Influence of (NH4)2SO4 as Additive on PCDD/F and PCB Emissions”, Chemosphere, Vol. 75, pp. 685-691, 2009.
Pekárek, V., Grabic, R., Marklund, S., Punčochář, M., Ullrich, J., “Effects of Oxygen on Formation of PCB and PCDD/F on Extracted Fly Ash in the Presence of Carbon and Cupric Salt”, Chemosphere, Vol. 43, pp. 777-782, 2001.
Preto, F., McCleave, R., McLaughlin, D. and Wang, J., “Dioxins/Furans Emissions from Fluidized Bed Combustion of Salt-laden Hog fuel” Chemosphere, Vol. 58, pp. 935-941, 2005.
Sakai, S., Tejima, H., Amamoto, T., Kawashima, M., ” PCDD/Fs Reduction in Batch Type Refuse Incinerators”, Chemosphere, Vol. 29, pp. 2107-2115, 1994.
Shaub, W.M., Tsang, W., “Dioxin Formation in Incinerators”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 17, pp. 721-730, 1983.
Skodras, G., Palladas, A., Kaldis, S. P., Sakellaropoulos, G. P., “Cleaner Co-combustion of Lignite-biomass-waste Blends by Utilizing Inhibiting Compounds of Toxic Emissions”, Chemosphere, Vol. 67, pp. S191-S197, 2007.
Stanmore, B.R., “The Formation of Dioxins in Combustion Systems”, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 136, pp. 398-427, 2004.
Šyc, M., Pekárek, V., Fišerová, E., Punčochář, M., Karban, J., Prokeš, O., ” Catalytic Filter Application in the Termizo Municipal Waste Incineration Plant in Liberec”, Organohalogen Compounds Vol. 68, pp. 1232-1235, 2006.
Trinh, M.M., Kuo, C.H., Chang M.B., “Characterization of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs Emission from Combustion of PCB-containing Oil in a Fluidized-bed incinerator”, Chemosphere, Vol. 225, pp. 35-42, 2019.
Tuppurainen, K., Aatamila, M., Ruokojärvi, P., Halonen, I., Ruuskanen, J., “Effect of Liquid Inhibitors on PCDD/F Formation Prediction of Particle-phase PCDD/F Concentrations Using PLS Modeling with Gas-phase Chlorophenol Concentrations as Independent Variables”, Chemosphere, Vol. 38, pp. 2205-2217, 1999.
Tuppurainen, K., Halonen, I., Ruokojärvi, P., Tarhanen, J., Ruuskanen, J., “Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in Municipal Waste Incineration and Its Inhibition Mechanisms : A Review”, Chemosphere, Vol.36, pp. 1493-1511, 1998.
Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L.S., Denison, M., Vito, M.D., Farland, W., Feeley, M., Fiedler, H., Hakansson, H., Hanberg, A., Haws, L., Rose, M., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tohyama, C., Tritscher, A., Tuomisto, J., Tysklind, M., Walker, N., Peterson, R.E., “The 2005 World Health Organization Re-evaluation of Human and 144 Mammalian Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds”, Toxscience Advance Access, Vol. 93, pp. 223-241, 2006.
Waibel. R.T. "Ultralow NOx Burners for Industrial Process Heaters." John Zink company: 19-22, 1993.
Wang, J. B., Hung, C. H., Hung, C. H., Chang-Chien, G. P., ”Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Emissions from an Industrial Park Clustered with Metallurgical Industries”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 161, pp. 800-807, 2009.
Weber, R., Iino, F., Imagawa, T., Takeuchi, M., Sakurai, T., Sadakata, M., “Formation of PCDF, PCDD, PCB, and PCN in de novo Synthesis from PAH: Mechanistic Aspects and Correlation to Fluidized Bed Incinerators”, Chemosphere, Vol. 44, pp. 1429-1438, 2001.
Williamson, P., “Production and Control of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofurans in Incineration System: A Review”, Presented at Proc. 87th AWMA Annual Metting and Exhibition, Ohio, June, pp. 19-24, 1994.
Wunderli, S., Zennegg, M., Samuel, I. S., Gujer, E., Moser, U., Wolfensberger, M., Hasler, P., Noger, D., Studer, C. and Karlaganis, G.,”Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzo-furans in Solid Residus from Wood Combustion by HRGC/HRMS”, Chemosphere, Vol. 40, pp. 641-649, 2000.
Yasuhara, A., Katami, T. and Shibamoto, T., ”Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Coplanar PCBs From Incineration of Various Woods in the Presence of Chlorides”, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, pp. 1563-1567, 2003.
行政院環保署，「固定污染源戴奧辛及重金屬調查管制及減量策略推動計畫」，2016
洪保鎮，「熱裂解系統對戴奧辛之去除特性研究」，博士論文，國立中央大學，2014。
苗栗縣政府環境保護局，「苗栗縣戴奧辛及重金屬稽查管制計畫」，2014。
張書豪，「以活性碳吸附煙道排氣中戴奧辛之初步研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，2000。
黃永吉，「含銅污泥熱處理之PCDD/Fs及dl-PCBs排放特性研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，2019。
黃秋華，「焚化系統及電弧爐煉鋼廠多氯聯苯排放特性之初步探討」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，2004。
彰化縣政府環境保護局，「彰化縣戴奧辛及重金屬管制計畫」，2017。
鄭銚強，「焚化系統中抑制戴奧辛生成之初步研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，2003。

指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2020-8-24

推文