五層樓淺基礎建築物受震液化反應-離心模型

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姓名

邱義宏(Yi-Hong Qiu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

五層樓淺基礎建築物受震液化反應-離心模型
(nono)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-10-28以後開放)

摘要(中)

台灣位於環太平洋火山地震帶，土壤液化經常伴隨地震而發生。於921大地震時，受到液化引致基礎沉陷與承載力破壞是淺基礎損壞的主要原因。本研究設計五層樓高(16m)之建築物模型，搭配四種不同形式基礎，包括大獨立基腳基礎、小獨立基腳基礎、筏式基礎與地下室基礎，利用中央大學地工離心機與震動台於65g重力場環境進行離心模型試驗，砂土試體中不同深度埋置加速度計、孔隙水壓計、線性差動變壓器(LVDT)、雷射位移計及土壓力計，分別量測地層各物理性質之動態歷時反應，探討淺基礎建築物於液化地盤上受震反應。

研究結果顯示，當土壤未達液化時，地盤加速度有放大趨勢，隨著建築物越高加速度放大效應越明顯；但當土壤達液化狀態時，液化土層能有效阻隔震波向上傳遞，對於建築物有明顯地減震效應；施加震動強度越大，液化土層深度越深，超額孔隙水壓消散所需時間也越長久；在自由土層中，大部分沉陷主要由震動期間而發生；建築物沉陷由震動過程土壤受剪力作用而引致變形與超額孔隙水壓消散後土壤再壓密;基礎版之總應力歷時發現於受震初期，基礎版一端受壓時另一端受拉，底版總應力隨著建築物沉陷而持續累加。

摘要(英)

A series of centrifuge tests were performance to investigate the settlement and seismic behavior of building on liquefiable ground with different types of foundation. The test were carried out by using NCU centrifuge and shaking table under 65g centrifuge acceleration field with liminar container. During the test, accelerometers, pore pressure transducers, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) and laser displacement sensor were embedded in the soil layer to monitor the seismic response of soil deposit. The centrifuge experiments were conducted to evaluate the liquefaction-induced and post-liquefaction settlement of shallow foundations.

According to the test results, the following conclusions are made : When the soil does not liquefy, the acceleration is amplified significantly from the base of soil stratum to the top of structure. In liquefiable ground, liquefied layer will isolate the vibration that propagate to the buildings. The liquefied depth of sand layer increases with the increasing of input. In the free-field ground, most of the settlement occurred due to volumetric-induced deformations; In contrast, foundation settlement occurred due to shear-induced deformations and excess pore water pressure dissipate.

關鍵字(中)

★ 淺基礎
★ 土壤液化
★ 離心模型
★ 沉陷量

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 vi
Abstract vii
致謝 viii
目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
圖目錄 xiv
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 土壤液化 3
2-1-1 土壤液化定義 3
2-1-2 土壤液化造成之災害 4
2-2 離心模型原理 6
2-2-1 離心模型之基本相似律 6
2-2-2 動態離心模型之基本相似律 7
2-2-3 模型模擬 9
2-3 液化地盤建築物受震相關研究 10
2-3-1 土層相對密度與滲透性對液化地盤沉陷之影響 10
2-3-2 循環加載與震動台試驗 11
第三章試驗方法與試驗設備 25
3-1 試驗方法 25
3-2 試驗土樣及基本物理性質 25
3-3儀器設備與相關設備 26
3-3-1 地工離心機 26
3-3-2中大離心震動台與資料擷取系統 26
3-3-3 積層版試驗箱與橡皮袋 27
3-3-4 建築物模型 28
3-3-5 各式感測器 28
3-3-6 移動式霣降儀 29
3-4試驗準備 29
3-4-1 試驗箱之準備與組立 29
3-4-2 重模試體製作 30
3-4-3 土壤試體飽和 31
3-4-4 石膏基礎版製作 32
3-4-5 離心模型試驗前準備與震動試驗 32
第四章試驗結果與分析 52
4-1 試驗規劃 52
4-2 試驗內容 53
4-3 外加載重引致土體中應力增量 55
4-4 升g過程變化 57
4-5 加速度歷時 57
4-5-1 獨立基腳之加速度歷時 58
4-5-2 筏式基礎與地下式基礎之加速度歷時 60
4-5-3 建築物與土層的頻率特性 62
4-5-4 加速度歷時小結 63
4-6 超額孔隙水壓歷時 63
4-6-1 輸入不同震動強度之超額孔隙水壓歷時 63
4-6-2 土層之超額孔隙水壓比歷時 64
4-6-3 超額孔隙水壓歷時小結 67
4-7 建築物與自由土層沉陷量之比較 68
4-7-1 各試驗之沉陷歷時 68
4-7-2 各試驗沉陷量整理 71
4-7-3 建築物受震後之旋轉行為 72
4-8 建築物抗傾倒之安全係數檢核 72
4-9 基礎版與底版之總應力歷時 74
4-9-1 總應力歷時 74
4-9-2 總應力歷時小結 76
第五章結論 201
參考文獻 203

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指導教授

黃俊鴻

審核日期

2020-10-28

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