中南半島北部春季生質燃燒對下風地區之影響

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林宜君(Yi-Chun Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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大氣科學學系

論文名稱

中南半島北部春季生質燃燒對下風地區之影響
(The impact of spring biomass burning on the downward region of the northern Southeast Asia)

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摘要(中)

氣膠對於大氣環境的影響至今仍存在高度不確定性，而每年中南半島春季生質燃燒活動在區域空氣品質扮演重要的角色，前人研究使用現地觀測資料、衛星遙測技術、區域模式、資料統計等方法了解生質燃燒源區、大氣、下游地區的影響。模式評估生質燃燒活動之影響因為氣象與排放估計而存在不確定性，其中排放估計會因排放清單使用不同估算方法而使變異增加，常見方法為因地域不同對排放量進行調整藉此改善模擬結果。本研究結合氣象模式 (WRF)與化學模式 (CMAQ)模擬，使用煙流上升模組 (PLMRIM)改善污染物因複雜的地形效應而不易上升至自由大氣之問題，且不必再對火點排放資料 (FINN)另外進行調整，了解聖嬰及反聖嬰年不同氣象條件對於生質燃燒源區污染排放、污染物上升高度、傳輸路徑、下游地區影響頻率與時間長度之影響並進行特徵分析。
由模擬結果顯示，聖嬰年 (2010年)替中南半島提供乾燥、溫暖、相對低壓的氣象條件，有助於污染物的排放與傳輸，污染物在自由大氣的傳輸路徑受中緯度槽脊系統發展影響，而槽脊系統的移動使台灣大氣背景站鹿林山 (LABS)在污染事件發生時，污染物持續影響鹿林山3-4天。反聖嬰年 (2011年)中南半島受東北季風影響，海陸溫差小，燃燒範圍較小、燃燒頻率低，不利於污染物的排放與垂直傳輸，因為台灣長時間處於西風帶上，因此污染物影響鹿林山時間增長。此外，污染物從源區地表抬升至自由大氣主要的機制分為熱力及動力兩類，熱力作用為劇烈燃燒使大氣不穩定度增加，動力作用為水平風場的輻合效應、垂直風切的大小、鋒面系統的垂直運動。熱力與動力作用使污染物離開源區地表隨西風帶傳送至下風地區。

摘要(英)

Biomass burning (BB) emissions in peninsular Southeast Asia have a large impact on regional air quality, but are also elevated to higher altitudes and then transported long distances. This extended footprint of BB plumes significantly impacts downwind locations and the global climate. However, model evaluation of these BB emissions and transport are complicated by uncertainties stemming from long-term meteorological components like El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and spatial and temporal variability of BB emissions in the peninsular Southeast Asia region. In this research, we used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system integrated with the plume rise module (PLMRIM) to capture the elevation of peninsular Southeast Asia BB plumes into the free troposphere, and subsequently the transport to Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS) in central Taiwan.
To account for ENSO impacts, the rising plume height, transport route, and impact frequency on downwind areas were all evaluated in the model simulations. Our results reveal the key factors for elevating the BB emissions to the free troposphere are biomass burning intensity, convergence of the horizontal wind field and vertical wind shear, and vertical motion ahead of a frontal system. El Niño is associated with dry, warm and relatively low-pressure weather conditions over peninsular Southeast Asia, thus generating more favorable conditions for BB aerosols in our model to reach the altitudes needed for long-range transport. During El Niño, BB plumes enable long-range transport by mid-latitude trough-and-ridge system. Arrival of the plumes to LABS occurred 3-4 days after emission in our model. During La Niña, BB is less frequent and of lower intensity, limiting the vertical transport of pollutants.

關鍵字(中)

★ 生質燃燒

關鍵字(英)

★ Biomass Burning

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
一、前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 3
二、文獻回顧 4
2-1 氣象與排放量對污染濃度之影響 4
2-2 聖嬰年對於源區與匯區之影響 4
2-3 生質燃燒之相關研究 5
2-4 中南半島污染物之傳輸機制 6
2-5 7-SEAS相關文獻 7
2-6 評估模式與排放清單 9
三、研究方法 12
3-1 研究範圍與時間 12
3-2 現地觀測 12
3-3 衛星遙測資料應用 13
3-4 MERRA-2再分析場 13
3-5 ONI 14
3-6 HYSPLIT模式 14
3-7 氣象模式 15
3-8 化學傳輸模式 16
3-9 排放資料清單 18
3-9-1 人為排放清單 18
3-9-2 生物排放清單 19
3-9-3 生質燃燒排放清單 19
四、結果與討論 23
4-1 模式模擬與觀測分析比對 23
4-1-1 氣象模式比對 23
4-1-2 化學模式比對 30
4-2 聖嬰年與反聖嬰年特性分析 31
4-2-1 ONI指數 31
4-2-2 污染排放 32
4-2-3 天氣型態 33
4-3 長程傳送型態 38
4-3-1 聖嬰年個案 (2010年) 42
4-3-2 反聖嬰年個案 (2011年) 58
4-4 聖嬰年與反聖嬰年下風處污染差異 74
4-5 中南半島源區生質燃燒污染物之升起機制 82
五、結論與展望 97
5-1 結論 97
5-2 展望 98
參考資料 99

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指導教授

林能暉(Neng-Huei Lin)

審核日期

2021-9-6

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