使用Morrison方案和雙偏極化雷達進行中尺度對流系統雲物理特性上的模擬和驗證

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楊詠荃(Yung-Chuan Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

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大氣科學學系

論文名稱

使用Morrison方案和雙偏極化雷達進行中尺度對流系統雲物理特性上的模擬和驗證
(Simulation and Validation of the MCS Microphysical Characteristics using Morrison Two-Moment Scheme and Dual-Polarimetric Radar)

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摘要(中)

相較於暖雨雲物理過程的研究在過去取得很大成就，冷雨過程在大氣數值模擬仍是很大挑戰。對冷雨過程的無知很有可能會造成雲物理方案在冰相粒子粒徑分布(DSD)上的模擬錯誤。過去許多研究已經證明偏極化雷達變數和雲物理之間緊密的關係。本篇研究使用Morrison這個雙矩量雲物理方案模擬二零零八年六月十四號台灣西南的中尺度對流系統(SoWMEX-IOP8)。模擬的結果會以NCAR S-band雷達的偏極化觀測以及其雪(snow)和雨(rain)的粒徑分布反演來驗證。

Morrison方案模擬的回波(ZHH)被發現高估了觀測。分析發現，這起因於Morrison方案產生了過大粒徑(質量權重粒徑Dm>0.7mm)的雪。因此即使在低估了雪的混和比(q)情況下，模擬仍能產生更強的回波。在接下來的部分，本文討論不同冷雨過程對雪的混和比以及質量權重粒徑增量的貢獻。發現受雲滴霜化的雪(cloud-riming snow)轉換(auto-convert)成冰霰(graupel)這個過程與其他冷雨過程相比在粒徑增量上占很重要的腳色。接著針對雪的數目濃度(number concentration)和雪對雲滴(cloud)的收集效率係數(eci)設計與實行兩組敏感度測試。而結果顯示，這些測試對雪的粒徑分布模擬改善非常輕微，這暗示了微物理過程很有可能不是最主要的過程。

摘要(英)

Compared to warm-rain processes which is well understood in decades of advancement, cold-rain microphysics of precipitation is still challenging task in numerical model simulation. The deficient knowledge in cold–rain processes may result in incorrect ice-phased drop size distribution (DSD) of various hydrometers simulated in microphysics scheme. Past studies have proven the inseparable relationship between polarimetric variables and storm microphysics. In the research, Morrison two moment scheme which is a double-moment (DM) scheme is selected to simulate a MCS located at southwest Taiwan on 14 June 2008 (SoWMEX-IOP8). The simulation is validated quantitatively with the NCAR s-band polarimetric measurements and DSD retrievals of raindrops and snow particles. Simulation results from Morrison scheme are found overestimating the reflectivity (ZHH) comparing to observation. The analysis reveals that stronger ZHH is due to the exaggerated mean snow particle sizes (mass-weighted diameter, Dm > 0.7 mm), even though model underestimates the snow mixing ratio (q). The increments of mixing ratio and Dm of snow particle which contributed from different cold-rain microphysical processes are analyzed. The autoconversion of graupel from cloud-riming snow is one of the dominating processes. Two sensitivity experiments including snow concentration and coefficient of collection efficiency of snow for cloud (eci) were performed. The results indicate only slightly improvements of the simulated snow DSD.

關鍵字(中)

★ 冷雲微物理
★ 雙偏極化量測

關鍵字(英)

★ cold-rain microphysics
★ dual-polarimetric measurements

論文目次

Abstract i
摘要 ii
Acknowledgment iii
Outline iv
Figures vi
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: Case and data 5
2.1 Case overview 5
2.2 Sounding data 5
2.3 Radar data 6
2.3.1 RHI strategy 6
2.3.1 Radar data processing 6
Chapter 3: WRF simulation 8
3.1 Model setup 8
3.2 Microphysics scheme 9
Chapter 4: Methodology 10
4.1 Polarimetric operator 10
4.2 Polarimetric retrieval 15
Chapter 5: Results 17
5.1 Validation with SPOL radar 17
5.1.1 The validated region and time of the MCS in simulation 17
5.1.2 Validation in polarimetric variables 18
5.1.3 Validation in DSD variables 20
5.2 Simulated microphysical processes analysis 22
5.2.1 CTRL run 23
5.2.2 Sensitivity experiments 25
Chapter 6: Conclusion and discussion 29
6.1 Conclusion 29
6.2 Discussion 32
References 34
Appendix 37
A.1 Introduction of polarimetric variables 37
A.2 Identification of stratiform area 38
A.3 Polarimetric retrieval methods 39
A.3.1 Retrieval method of rain species 39
A.3.2 Retrieval method of snow species 39
A.4 Cold-rain microphysics of snow in Morrison scheme 41
A.5 Autoconversion of graupel from cloud-riming snow 43

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指導教授

張偉裕(Wei-Yu Chang)

審核日期

2021-9-6

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