電腦即時引導揀貨系統之揀貨作業研究

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李訓泓(Hsun-Hung Li) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

電腦即時引導揀貨系統之揀貨作業研究

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摘要(中)

近年來，隨著資訊科技及網際網路的發達，人們的消費模式不僅從以往至實體店面消費到現今多是透過網路上的電子商務平台進行購物，智慧型手機及行動網路更是越來越普及，使人們隨時隨地都可以在網路上進行消費行為。在2020年時針對臺灣網友網購行為進行調查發現2019年網友網購的行動下單比例，從2018年35.9%大幅成長至49.6%，已與一般電腦網購下單呈現55波的趨勢，因此，可以得知現今人們無論在何時何地都可以隨時在網上選購自己想要的商品，這使得物流已成為不可或缺的一塊。
由於網購行為的增加，為了滿足零售業者與消費者的需求，許多企業皆已成立物流中心（Distribution Center ; D.C.）來提升整個物流的績效，而物流中心的各項內部作業中，又以揀貨作業為重要且繁雜的工作，能否在合理時間內完成揀貨作業與物流中心的經營成本和服務水準有直接的關係。目前物流中心大多是屬於勞力密集的產業，其揀貨作業相關人力約占整個物流中心人力的50%以上；揀貨作業時間約占整個物流中心作業時間的30%—40%，故揀貨作業的重要性，足以影響著物流中心的整體營運和作業成本。
為了提升揀貨作業效率，藉以提升整個物流中心的整體營運和作業成本，本研究將利用電腦即時引導揀貨系統即時判斷的特性，針對揀貨人員在進行揀貨作業時，面對下一揀貨點的路徑決策之決策問題進行探討，並提出多種揀貨路徑策略，搭配相關環境因子，應用模擬軟體實驗之結果來分析本研究所提出的揀貨路徑策略，是否能有效提升整的揀貨作業的績效。

摘要(英)

In recent years, with the advancement of network technology, people’s consumption patterns have changed from the past to brick-and-mortar store consumption to now they are shopping through e-commerce platforms on the Internet. Nowadays, the popularity of smart phones and mobile networks makes people more convenient to consume online anywhere. In 2020, a survey on the online shopping behavior of Taiwanese netizens found that the proportion of online purchases made by netizens in 2019 has increased significantly from 35.9% in 2018 to 49.6%, there has been a 50% trend of online shopping orders with PCs. Therefore, it can be known that people can buy the goods they want online at anytime and anywhere, which makes logistics more important.
Due to the increase in online shopping behaviors, in order to meet the needs of retailers and consumers, many companies have set up distribution centers to improve the performance of the entire logistics, and the various internal operations of the logistics center are based on picking goods. Operation is an important and complicated task. Whether the picking operation can be completed in a reasonable time is directly related to the operating cost and service level of the logistics center. At present, most logistics centers are labor-intensive industries. The manpower related to picking operations accounts for more than 50% of the manpower of the entire logistics center; the picking operation time accounts for about 30%-40% of the entire logistics center operation time, so picking operations The importance of it is enough to affect the overall operation and operating costs of the logistics center.
In order to improve the efficiency of picking operations and to increase the overall operation and operating costs of the entire distribution center, this study will use the computer to guide the picking system to determine the characteristics of the picking system in real time. The decision-making problem of the route decision of the goods point is discussed, and a variety of picking route strategies are proposed, combined with relevant environmental factors, and the results of simulation software experiments are used to analyze whether the picking route strategy proposed by this research can effectively improve the overall picking The performance of the assignment.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 揀貨路徑策略
★ 電腦即時引導揀貨系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Center
★ Computer Real-time Guided Picking system
★ Picking route

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 4
1.3 研究目的 6
1.4 研究環境與假設 6
1.5 研究架構 9
第二章文獻探討 12
2.1 物流 13
2.1.1 物流的定義 13
2.1.2 物流中心 13
2.2 倉儲管理 18
2.2.1 倉儲規劃（Warehousing） 18
2.2.2 走道設計（Aisle Design） 19
2.3 揀貨作業 20
2.3.1 揀貨策略 20
2.3.2 揀貨路徑 23
2.3.3 揀貨輔助系統 26
2.4 語音揀貨 27
2.4.1 語音揀貨的介紹 27
2.4.2 語音揀貨的起源 27
2.4.3 語音揀貨的效益 28
2.5 視覺揀貨 29
2.5.1 視覺揀貨的介紹 29
2.5.2 視覺揀貨的起源 29
2.5.3 第二代Google Glass企業版 30
2.5.4 擴增實境（Augmented Reality） 31
2.5.5 視覺揀貨的效益 32
第三章研究方法 36
3.1 方法架構 36
3.2 研究問題說明 36
3.3 揀貨路徑策略 37
3.3.1 「固定揀貨路徑」策略 37
3.3.2 「按原順序尋找空閒揀貨點」策略 38
3.3.3 「距離原規劃揀貨點最近」策略 41
3.3.4 「距離揀貨人員目前位置最近」策略 44
3.3.5 「距離原規劃揀貨點及揀貨人員目前位置總和最近」策略 47
3.3.6 「重新規劃最佳揀貨路徑」策略 50
3.3.7 「按原順序尋找空閒揀貨點 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 53
3.3.8 「距離原規劃揀貨點最近 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 55
3.3.9 「距離揀貨人員目前位置最近 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 56
3.3.10 「距離原規劃揀貨點及揀貨人員目前位置總和最近 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 57
3.3.11 「重新規劃最佳揀貨路徑 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 59
第四章模擬實驗與分析 61
4.1 前言 61
4.2 模擬實驗 61
4.2.1 揀貨環境設定 61
4.2.2 實驗訂單假設 63
4.2.3 儲位擺放比例設計 63
4.2.4 儲位擺放設計 65
4.2.5 實驗因子組合 71
「距離原規劃揀貨點及揀貨人員目前位置總和最近 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 71
「重新規劃最佳揀貨路徑 + 考量最早可揀貨時間」策略 71
4.3 績效評估準則 72
4.4 統計分析 73
4.4.1 依「系統總執行時間（TST）」為績效評估值 73
4.4.2 依「總行走距離（TTD）」為績效評估值 83
4.4.3 依「總揀貨時間（TPT）」為績效評估值 92
第五章結論與建議 102
5.1 研究結論 102
5.2 後續研究與建議 102
參考文獻 104

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2021-7-28

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