Flavin mononucleotide-based electricity production by Staphylococcus epidermidis alleviates SARS-CoV-2- Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein-induced IL-6 expression

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曾阮梅貞(Tang Nguyen Mai Trinh) 查詢紙本館藏

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生醫科學與工程學系

論文名稱

(Flavin mononucleotide-based electricity production by Staphylococcus epidermidis alleviates SARS-CoV-2- Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein-induced IL-6 expression)

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摘要(中)

嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎是一種引起急性呼吸道窘迫症候群 (ARDS) 的病毒，最初在中國武漢首度被發現。目前嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎這種流行病已成為全球大流行的疾病。根據研究顯示，罹患此病的患者會有呼吸系統及合併多器官功能障礙，此之外也會引起細胞激素釋放症候群(CRS) 的發炎細胞因子增加，發炎細胞因子增加可能在COVID-19 中扮演關鍵作用。根據我們的研究，將濃度
50 μg 的 SARS-CoV-2-核衣殼蛋白 (NPP) 接種到小鼠的鼻腔中可在小鼠支氣管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF) 中存在大量 IL-6，在細胞株實驗中菌株 J774A1 巨噬細胞，接種濃度NPP濃度 25 μg 時菌株 J774A1 巨噬細胞的 IL-6 含量，IL-6 濃度為 402,841 ± 16,713 ρg/mL 和 133,136分別為 ± 2,736 ρg/mL。此外將甘油和黃素單核苷酸 (FMN) 在小鼠鼻內接種，從人鼻腔 (S. epidermidis-K) 分離的表皮葡萄球菌預處理 3 天，顯著減少了小鼠體內NPP 誘導的 IL-6 水平。表皮葡萄球菌 K 分泌的電可以通過 FMN 介質降低 SARS-CoV-2-NPP 誘導的 IL-6 表達。

摘要(英)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-2) is a viral strain that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and was initially reported in Wuhan, China. This epidemic has been becoming a pandemic worldwide. It has been reported that respiratory syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction in patients, as well as an increase in inflammatory cytokines known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a crucial role in the detected COVID-19. Our studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NPP) at a concentration of 50 μg was inoculated into the nasal cavity of mice. There was a significant abundance of IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and at a concentration of 25 μg inoculated to increase the IL-6 content of strain J774A1 macrophages, IL-6 concentrations were 402,841 ± 16,713 ρg/mL and 133,136 ± 2,736 ρg/mL, respectively. Furthermore,
the administration of glycerol and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) inoculation to mice infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human nasal passages
(S. epidermidis-K) for 3 days significantly reduced the IL-6 levels induced by NPP. The electricity secreted by S. epidermidis K can reduce SARS-CoV-2-NPP-induced IL-6 expression through FMN mediator.

關鍵字(中)

★ SARS-CoV-2-核衣殼磷蛋白
★ 表皮葡萄球菌
★ 黃素單核苷酸
★ 電子

關鍵字(英)

★ SARS-CoV-2-Nuclecapsid phosphoprotein
★ Staphylococcus epidermidis
★ flavin mononucleotide
★ electricity

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii
TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
ABBREVIATIONS LIST viii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) 1
1.2. The role of nasal commensal bacteria in viral prevention 1
1.3. Literature review 3
1.3.1. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-2) virus 3
1.3.2. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nuclecapsid phosphoprotein (NPP) 4
1.3.3. Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) 4
1.3.4. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) process in gram-positive bacteria 5
1.3.5. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) 6
1.3.6. FMN synthesis pathway 7
1.3.7. The antibiotic roseoflavin (RoF) 8
CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 10
CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11
3.1. Materials 11
3.1.1. Bacteria, Cell, and ICR mice 11
3.1.2. Apparatus and Instruments 11
3.1.3. Reagents 12
3.1.4. Medium preparations 12
A. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium (with and without agar) for culture bacteria and MBC assay 12
B. Rich medium for detect electricity 13
C. Medium for cell culture and treatment 13
3.2. Methods 13
3.2.1. Detection of Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 13
3.2.2. Identification of pdh, rk, menA, and ndh2 genes expression by RT-PCR 14
3.2.3. Minimum bactericidal concentration 14
3.2.4. Electricity detection 15
3.2.5. Detection of IL-6 level in BALF 15
3.2.6. Cell culture 16
3.3. Statistical analysis 17
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS 18
4.1. FMN production by S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 18
4.2. Expression of pdh, menA, ndh2 and rk genes in S. epidermidis 19
4.3. Effect of RoF concentration on S. epidermidis growth 20
4.4. Electrons production by S. epidermidis bacteria 21
4.5. FMN-mediated electron transfer in glycerol fermentation of nasal S. epidermidis reduce SARS-CoV-2-NPP-induced IL-6 expression 23
4.6. SARS-CoV-2-Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein induced IL-6 expression in macrophages cells. 25
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 27
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 31
REFERENCES 32

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指導教授

黃俊銘(Chun-Ming, Huang)

審核日期

2021-10-15

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