高功率之雙向交錯式直流轉換器設計

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姓名

鍾明澔(Mimg-Hao Chung) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

高功率之雙向交錯式直流轉換器設計
(Design of a High Power Bi-Directional Interleaved DC-DC Converter)

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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

近年來，環保意識抬頭，電動車蓬勃發展，由於汽車上同時存在
12 V 與 48 V 系統，因此本文設計可調節功率的雙向直流/直流轉換
器，主要功能為調度車內 12 V 系統與 48 V 系統間的能量。藉由此轉
換器之設計，電能可以根據負載需要雙向傳輸來滿足車內不同的電壓
系統，並同時有相當高的轉換效率。
本文的硬體架構主要為交錯式 (Interleaved) 同步整流
(Synchronous Rectification)雙向轉換電路，採用 Linear 公司(已於 2016
年被 ADI 併購)所生產之型號 LTC3871 晶片，其擁有電路軟啟動(Soft
Start)、電壓電流動態調節、過壓過流保護、熱停機(Thermal Shutdown)
及多相均流機制(Current-Sharing mechanism)等功能。此晶片獨立運作
時最高切換頻率可達 550 kHz，亦能利用其內部之鎖相迴路(Phase
Lock Loop)產生最高 460 kHz 的同步訊號執行高達 12 相(6 個 IC，每
個 IC 有 2 相)之連動操作，使其能在高頻下工作減少被動元件的體
積，充分利用車內侷限的空間並同時滿足高功率之需求；此外，也配
合同步整流技術進一步提高轉換效率。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the awareness of environmental protection has risen
and electric vehicles have flourished. Due to the presence of both 12 V
and 48 V systems in automobiles, this paper designs a bidirectional
DC/DC converter with adjustable power. The main function is to dispatch
the energy flow between 12V and 48V system in the automobile. With the
design of this converter, electric energy can be transmitted in both
directions according to load requirements to meet different voltage
systems in the car, and at the same time, it has a fairly high conversion
efficiency.
The hardware architecture of this article is mainly an interleaved
synchronous rectification (Synchronous Rectification) two-way
conversion circuit, using the model LTC3871 chip produced by Linear
Corporation (which was acquired by ADI in 2016), which has a soft start
circuit (Soft Start) , Voltage and current dynamic adjustment,
overvoltage and overcurrent protection, thermal shutdown (Thermal
Shutdown) and multi-phase current-sharing mechanism (Current-Sharing
mechanism) and other functions. The maximum switching frequency of
this chip can be up to 550 kHz when it operates independently, and it can
also use its internal Phase Lock Loop to generate a synchronization signal
of up to 460 kHz to perform up to 12 phases (6 ICs, each IC has 2 phases)
The interlocking operation enables it to work at high frequencies to
reduce the volume of passive components, make full use of the limited
space in the car and meet the demand for high power at the same time; in
addition, it also cooperates with synchronous rectification technology to
further improve the conversion efficiency.

關鍵字(中)

★ 交錯式轉換器
★ 同步整流
★ 多相連動操作
★ 均流機制

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
論文摘要.........................................................................................................................i
Abstract.........................................................................................................................ii
致謝............................................................................................................................... iii
目錄............................................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄............................................................................................................................ v
第一章緒論............................................................................................................1
1-1 研究背景........................................................................................................1
1-2 研究動機與目的............................................................................................2
1-3 論文大綱........................................................................................................3
第二章直流轉換器分類及控制方法 .........................................................................5
2-1 線性低壓差穩壓器(Low Drop-out Regulator ,LDO) ................................5
2-2 切換式直流轉換器........................................................................................7
2-2-1 隔離型轉換器.....................................................................................7
2-2-2 非隔離型轉換器...............................................................................11
2-3 直流轉換器控制方法..................................................................................14
2-3-1 電壓控制法.......................................................................................15
2-3-2 電流控制法.......................................................................................16
2-3-3 磁滯控制...........................................................................................17
第三章交錯式同步雙向直流轉換器及均流機制 ...................................................18
3-1 多相交錯技術(Multi-phase Interleaving).................................................18
3-2 雙向直流-直流轉換器.................................................................................19
3-3 同步整流原理..............................................................................................20
3-4 交錯式同步整流雙向轉換器......................................................................22
3-5 電路架構......................................................................................................22
3-6 多轉換器併聯之均流機制..........................................................................25
第四章硬體電路規劃 ...............................................................................................28
4-1 實際硬體電路..............................................................................................28
4-2 IC 周邊腳位設定.......................................................................................29
4-2-1 供電與驅動相關腳位.......................................................................32
4-2-2 基礎設定腳位...................................................................................34
4-2-3 回授控制與偵測相關腳位...............................................................35
4-2-4 故障保護相關設定...........................................................................39
v
4-2-5 多相併聯 IC 通訊腳位 ....................................................................40
4-3 開關元件選用..............................................................................................43
4-4 轉換器並聯連接腳位..................................................................................44
4-5 實體電路架構..............................................................................................46
第五章實驗結果 .......................................................................................................49
5-1 實驗結果......................................................................................................49
第六章結論及未來發展 ...........................................................................................51
參考文獻......................................................................................................................52
圖目錄
圖 1- 1 12V/48V 車內混合系統....................................................................................2
圖 2-1 低壓差線性穩壓器............................................................................................5
圖 2-2 反馳式轉換器....................................................................................................8
圖 2-3 開關 M1 導通時電流流向................................................................................8
圖 2-4 開關 M1 關閉時電流流向................................................................................9
圖 2-5 全橋式轉換器....................................................................................................9
圖 2-6 開關 Q1 及 Q4 導通時電流流向 ...................................................................10
圖 2-7 變壓器一次側電壓波形..................................................................................10
圖 2-8 開關 Q2 及 Q 導通時電流流向 ..................................................................... 11
圖 2-9 降壓轉換器...................................................................................................... 11
圖 2-10 開關 M1 導通時電流流向............................................................................12
圖 2-11 開關 M1 關閉時電流流向............................................................................12
圖 2-12 升壓轉換器....................................................................................................12
圖 2-13 開關 M1 導通時電流流向............................................................................13
圖 2-14 開關 M1 關閉時電流流向............................................................................13
圖 2-15 升降壓轉換器................................................................................................14
圖 2-16 電壓控制法架構圖........................................................................................15
圖 2-17 電流控制法架構圖........................................................................................16
圖 3-1 兩相位交錯之電流漣波..................................................................................18
圖 3-2 雙向直流轉換器..............................................................................................19
圖 3-3 有無同步整流之電路功率耗損比較..............................................................22
vi
圖 3-4 單 IC 之轉換器架構圖...................................................................................23
圖 3-5 升壓模式電流流向..........................................................................................24
圖 3-6 降壓模式電流流向..........................................................................................24
圖 3-7 單 IC 轉換器實體圖.......................................................................................25
圖 3-8 轉換器均流能力與輸出阻抗的關係..............................................................26
圖 4-1 多 IC 轉換器架構示意圖...............................................................................29
圖 4-2 典型 IC 應用電路...........................................................................................31
圖 4-3 IC 內部功能方塊圖.........................................................................................31
圖 4-4 V5 腳位電阻分壓設定 ....................................................................................33
圖 4-5 IC 電流偵測腳位外部連接圖.........................................................................39
圖 4-6 鎖相迴路(PLL)方塊圖...................................................................................41
圖 4-7 多相位操作設定圖..........................................................................................42
圖 4-8 兩並聯 IC 連接訊號設定圖...........................................................................45
圖 4-9 主板控制 IC 電路圖.......................................................................................46
圖 4-10 主板功率級電路圖........................................................................................46
圖 4-11 副板控制 IC 電路圖 .....................................................................................47
圖 4-12 副板功率級電路圖........................................................................................47
圖 4-13 實際電路........................................................................................................48
圖 5-1 降壓模式各相下臂 PWM 訊號 .....................................................................49
圖 5-2 輸出及輸入電壓波形......................................................................................49
圖 5-3 升壓模式各相下臂 PWM 訊號 .....................................................................50
圖 5-4 輸出及輸入電壓波形......................................................................................50
表目錄
表 4- 1 DRVSET 設定................................................................................................33
表 4- 2 ILIM 設定 ......................................................................................................37
表 4- 3 PHSMD 相位配置..........................................................................................43

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edition.”

指導教授

陳正一(Cheng-I Chen)

審核日期

2021-10-8

推文