階層式室內定位系統與其服務

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章俊彥(Chun-Yen Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

階層式室內定位系統與其服務
(A Hierarchical Indoor Positioning System and Location Based Services)

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摘要(中)

由於無線網路的盛行，與無線通信網路的普及，其中包括GPRS網路、GSM網路以及目前正積極推動的3G網路，都具有高度的移動性，使用者能夠藉由手中的行動設備在異質網路中獲取許多最新的資訊，倘若能結合定位的技術，則可以隨時隨地得到鄰近地區的所有資訊，包括能夠立即知道自己位於何處；並能列出鄰近的娛樂設施、餐廳、及景點；更可以將此技術應用於各種室內環境，包括博物館、超級市場、便利商店等。
當使用者到達一個新的地方時，系統會透過分析各種無線網路訊號，計算出來使用者目前的位置，並自動的將附近的資訊立即的傳送給使用者。例如，在室外環境中可藉由無線通信網路和GPS來進行定位，但進入室內環境後由於無法接受到GPS信號，則必須改用WLAN和紅外線進行定位。就定位準確性而言，WLAN和無線通信網路，並不能精準的定出使用者的位置，必須藉由其他定位機制的協助，例如，紅外線、RFID或GPS來達到精準定位。因此，一個全面性並能提供使用者各式需求定位機制便十分重要，由於各類型之網路條件各異，在移動性、涵蓋範圍、延遲時間與準確度的情形均有所差異，故必須有一個階層式且能自動錯誤修正的定位系統，在不同環境或需求中，透過不同的定位機制來達到誤差最小的定位，進而提供更好的服務。
本系統除了將達到具有高度精準性的定位機制外，並將結合此定位技術提供許多額外的定位服務，讓使用者無論身在何處，都能夠熟悉附近的地理環境，並能得到附近所有的相關資訊。

摘要(英)

Due to the fact that wireless lan and wireless network are more and more popular, include GPRS、GSM and 3G network. These technology have a rich of mobility, users could get a lot of the newest information through mobile devices, such as PDA, TabletPC, cell phone and notebook. If we integrate positioning technology with mobile devices, users could receive all of the information near neighborhood, for instant, knowing where you are; listing all entertainments, restaurant and scenic spots; and applying location information in some indoor environment, such as museums, super markets, and convenience stores, etc. When users reach a new place, the system gets all kinds of wireless signal to calculate users’ position, and send neighboring information to users automatically. For instant, we calculate the location by GPS and GPRS at outdoors, system could not receive signal of GPS when enter into indoor. System calculates location through getting signal of WLAN and infrared instead of getting signal of GPS. By accuracy of location, WLAN, GPRS and 3G network could not calculate users’ location accurately, we could get more accurate information by other technologies, like GPS or infrared. Therefore, it is very important to develop a positioning mechanism to satisfy every need. We need a Hierarchical Location System to use different technologies in different environments or needs to provide the best location based service.

關鍵字(中)

★ 自動錯誤修正
★ GPS
★ RFID
★ 紅外線
★ WLAN
★ 定位服務

關鍵字(英)

★ location based service
★ RFID
★ Infrared
★ GPS
★ WLAN

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 概要 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 章節架構 4
第二章背景知識與相關研究 5
2.1 無線區域網路之研究 5
2.1.1 無線區域網路介紹 5
2.1.2 無線區域網路的優點 11
2.1.3 安全風險與技術難題 12
2.2 相關技術之研究 14
2.2.1 定位技術之相關研究 14
2.2.2 定位訊號偵測技術 18
2.3 定位系統 21
2.3.1 LORAN-C 22
2.3.2 Ekahau Positioning Engine 23
2.3.3 RADAR 25
2.3.4 Active Badges 25
2.4 類神經網路之研究 27
2.4.1 類神經網路之簡介 27
2.4.2 Hopfield網路 30
第三章階層式室內定位系統之設計 32
3.1 階層式室內定位系統之網路環境 32
3.2 階層式室內定位系統之架構 34
3.2.1 階層式室內定位系統之概念 35
3.2.2 定位伺服器 (Location Server) 36
3.2.3 定位使用者 (Location Client) 37
3.3 定位演算法 39
3.3.1 Nearest Pattern Matched Algorithm (NPMA) 41
3.3.2 Enhanced Positioning Algorithm 45
3.3.3 Hopfield Position Algorithm (HPA) 48
3.3.4 定位流程 52
3.4 Location Based Services 55
3.4.1 使用者認證與個人化設定 55
3.4.2 定位引擎 56
3.4.3 自動導覽內容 58
3.4.4 地圖輔助功能 59
3.4.5 使用者歷程紀錄與分析 62
第四章階層式室內定位系統之實作 65
4.1 實作系統架構 65
4.2 開發工具與環境 70
4.3 系統功能與展示 72
4.3.1 定位伺服器 (Location Server) 73
4.3.2 定位使用者 (Location Client) 76
第五章系統測試與討論 87
5.1 測試環境 87
5.2 測試結果與討論 89
5.2.1 定位精準度之比較 91
5.2.2 參考點數目對定位精準度之影響 93
5.2.3 參考點的取樣數目對定位精準度之影響 101
5.2.4 Access Point數目對定位精準度之影響 106
第六章結論及未來發展工作 111
6.1 結論 111
6.2 未來發展工作 113
參考文獻 115

參考文獻

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指導教授

周立德(Li-Der Chou)

審核日期

2004-7-19

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