以離心模型探討地下水位高程對矩形隧道動態反應的影響

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姓名

黃偉祥(Wei-Hsiang Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

以離心模型探討地下水位高程對矩形隧道動態反應的影響
(Effect of underground water level on the dynamic response of rectangular tunnel by centrifuge modeling)

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摘要(中)

隨著城市的快速發展，地下空間的使用率逐漸增加。而淺層的地下隧道多使用明挖覆蓋法 (cut-and-cover) 並以矩形隧道形式建造，其優點在於方便施工且相關設施可最大化利用開挖空間，不同的土層會對隧道產生不同的影響，在高地下水位設置明挖覆蓋隧道時，應考慮上浮的影響。本研究以離心模型探討地下水位高程對矩形隧道動態反應的影響，並比較不同地下水位面時其加速度反應、孔隙水壓反應、地表沉陷量、隧道位移及旋轉角之變化。
本研究在80 g進行四組動態離心模型試驗，透過改變地下水位面高程，探討相對於隧道具有不同高度地下水位時，土壤液化程度與隧道動態反應的互制行為。試驗結果表示 (1) 隧道周圍受震激發的超額孔隙水壓會較自由場的超額孔隙水壓小；(2) 地下水位面高於隧道底部時，基盤震動造成隧道周圍土壤液化程度不同，引致隧道受震時的擺動(rocking)及旋轉(rotation) ；(3) 當地下水位高於隧道頂部時，地震會使隧道上浮且正上方地表隆起，然而越遠離隧道則地表高程變化則相對為向下沉陷。未來可以更進一步討論，當地下水位高於隧道時，在隧道旁的支撐開挖與隧道間的相互影響行為。

摘要(英)

The shallow underground tunnels mostly use cut-and-cover and are constructed in the form of rectangular (box-shaped) tunnels, which have the advantage of being convenient for construction and related facilities can maximize the use of excavation space. Different soil layers will have different effects on the tunnel. When setting cut-and-cover tunnels with high groundwater levels, the effect of floating should be considered. This study investigates the impact of earthquakes on existing tunnels at different groundwater levels, and compares the changes in acceleration response, water pressure response, surface subsidence, tunnel displacement and rotation angle at different groundwater levels.

In this study, four sets of dynamic centrifugal model tests were conducted to explore the relationship between the earthquake and the tunnel by changing the depth of the groundwater table. The test results show (1) The soil pore water pressure around the tunnel is smaller than that of the free field (2) When the water level is higher than the tunnel , earthquakes can cause the tunnel to rocking and rotate (3) When the groundwater level is higher than the tunnel, the earthquake will cause the tunnel to uplift and the surface above it to heaving, but the further away from the tunnel, the greater the surface subsidence . Further discussions can be made in the future as to what the impact of supporting excavation next to the tunnel will be when the water level is higher than the tunnel.

關鍵字(中)

★ 離心模型試驗
★ 隧道
★ 地下水
★ 加速度放大倍率
★ 隧道剛體位移
★ 地表沉陷

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xiii
第一章緒論 1
1-1研究動機與目的 1
1-2研究架構 1
1-3論文內容 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1離心模型原理 3
2-1-1離心模型縮尺率 4
2-1-2尺寸效應對離心模型之影響 5
2-1-3科氏加速度對離心模型之影響 6
2-1-4模型模擬 7
2-2鐵路明挖覆蓋隧道設計規範 9
2-2-1明挖覆蓋隧道之調查 9
2-2-2明挖覆蓋隧道之規劃 11
2-2-3明挖覆蓋隧道之設計 12
第三章試驗設備與試體製作 14
3-1試驗儀器與設備 14
3-1-1地工離心機 14
3-1-2離心振動台 16
3-1-3資料擷取系統 17
3-1-4固壁式蜂巢試驗箱 (Rigid container) 18
3-1-5隧道模型 19
3-1-6各式感測器 22
3-1-7移動式霣降儀 26
3-2試驗材料 27
3-3試體準備 29
3-3-1應變規黏貼與製作 29
3-3-2感測器校正 31
3-3-3試體準備 35
3-3-4離心模型試驗前準備工作 39
第四章試驗規劃與結果討論 41
4.1試驗規劃 41
4-2分析方法 51
4-2-1評斷振動事件標準 51
4-2-2微振動探測 53
4-2-3振動期間之加速度歷時 54
4-2-4加速度放大倍率 55
4-2-5顯著頻率 55
4-2-6評估土壤液化標準 56
4-2-7隧道變形量 58
4-2-8隧道剛體位移 58
4-2-9隧道旋轉角 59
4-2-10隧道加速度相位差 60
4-2-11地表沉陷量 61
4-3試驗結果 62
4-3-1 DT試驗(乾砂試體)結果 62
4-3-2 ST-BOT試驗(飽和至隧道底部)結果 76
4-3-3 ST-TOP試驗(飽和至隧道頂部)結果 94
4-3-4 ST試驗(全飽和試體)結果 120
4-4綜合討論 149
4-4-1加速度反應 149
4-4-2超額孔隙水壓反應 151
4-4-3隧道變形量 152
4-4-4隧道剛體位移 152
4-4-5隧道旋轉角 153
4-4-6地表沉陷量 154
4-4-7小結 154
第五章結論與建議 156
5-1結論 156
5-2建議 157
參考文獻 158

參考文獻

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指導教授

洪汶宜(Wen-Yi Hung)

審核日期

2022-8-30

推文