降雨及逕流引致礫石型土石流之現地監測及實驗分析

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姓名

張振唐(JHEN-TANG,JHANG) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

降雨及逕流引致礫石型土石流之現地監測及實驗分析

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摘要(中)

本研究於苗栗縣三義鄉火炎山一號坑進行礫石型土石流現地監測，藉由現地監測影像進行土石流運動特性分析，包括流動歷程、地貌變化、土石流前端部流速、陣流特性及彎道超高分析。彎道超高分析之流速與影像分析之流速，兩者誤差約為8.4%。彙整2016年至2022年間各土石流事件之降雨資料，有效累積雨量(含前期降雨)與土石流流動距離之間具有高度關聯性。本研究為探討火炎山因崖錐堆積或河道堰塞堆積受降雨逕流引發土石流之流動歷程及相關特性，於室內實驗室進行逕流引致堆積體破壞實驗。分析在不同流量及坡度條件下，顆粒之流動型態、破壞歷程、顆粒流運動特性及堆積體破壞後之各項參數與水流功率間之相關性。

摘要(英)

The field monitoring of gravelly debris flows was conducted at the Houyenshan of San Yi county, Miaoli, Taiwan in this study. The monitoring data, including CCD and several cameras of time lapse photography, were used to analyze the flow history, geomorphological changes, debris flow velocities and super elevations at the bend. observed by compiling the rainfall data from 2016 to 2022. By compiling the debris-flow records and the rainfall data from 2016 to 2022, we found a high correlation between the effective cumulative rainfall and the debris-flow runout distance. The debris flows triggered by the fluidization processes of channel beds by overlying runoff was experimentally performed in this study, which is related to the debris flows occur at Houyenshan due to the mobilization of talus and upstream channel bed during rainfall. The flow patterns and failure processes of granular flows, and the correlations with stream power under different flow and slope conditions were explored.

關鍵字(中)

★ 火炎山
★ 土石流
★ 逕流
★ 水流功率

關鍵字(英)

★ Houyenshan
★ debris flow
★ runoff
★ stream power

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3 研究內容與方法 2
1.4論文架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1土石流基本特性 5
2.1.1土石流之定義 5
2.1.2土石流之特性 5
2.2 土石流分類 7
2.2.1依泥砂顆粒組成分類 7
2.2.2依地貌條件分類 8
2.2.3依土石流湧浪形成方式 8
2.2.4依泥沙含量 9
2.3土石流觸發 9
2.4土石流流速與規模估算 10
2.4.1土石流流速 10
2.4.2土石流規模 11
2.5土石流與降雨特性關係 13
2.6土石流彎道超高計算 14
第三章現地監測之研究及分析方法 16
3.1 現地監測系統 16
3.1.1研究區域 16
3.1.2現地監測設備 18
3.2現地監測資料之分析方法 22
3.2.1土石流流動歷程與事件前後地貌變化之影像分析 22
3.2.2土石流流速及彎道超高分析 22
3.2.3降雨分析 23
第四章逕流引致堆積體破壞實驗與分析方法 24
4.1 實驗設備及配置 24
4.2 實驗顆粒材料性質 30
4.3實驗步驟 31
4.4 分析方法 33
4.4.1 堆積體破壞與流況分析 33
4.4.2 顆粒流斷面高度變化歷程分析 33
4.4.3顆粒流波峰之平均流速分析 33
第五章現地監測結果分析與討論 34
5.1 土石流流動歷程分析 34
5.1.1 2021年8月2日土石流事件 35
5.1.2 2021年8月4日土石流事件 37
5.1.3 2021年8月7日土石流事件 41
5.1.4 斷面高度變化完整歷程 65
5.2 土石流事件前後地貌變化 67
5.2.1 2021年8月7日土石流事件前後地貌對比 67
5.3 土石流流速影像及彎道超高分析 72
5.3.1 影像分析 72
5.3.2 彎道超高分析 79
5.3.3 分析結果比較 85
5.4 降雨分析 87
5.4.1 火炎山一號坑土石流發生之臨界降雨條件 87
5.4.2表5-5及5-6中各項參數說明 88
5.4.3 各雨量參數與土石流流動距離之相關性 98
第六章逕流引致土石流實驗分析 102
6.1水流功率 102
6.2 坡度與流量對土石流流況之影響 103
6.2.1 流動型態說明 103
6.2.2 各條件下流動型態區分之結果 106
6.3 土石流型態之前端部啟動距離 108
6.4 各斷面之土石流龍頭高度 112
6.5 顆粒流波峰之流速 119
6.6 堆積體破壞後之參數與單寬水流功率之相關性 126
6.6.1 堆積體剩餘長度、尾端高度參數與單寬水流功率之相關性 126
6.6.2 堆積體坡度參數與單寬水流功率之相關性 130
6.6.3堆積體內滲流坡度與單寬水流功率之相關性 138
第七章結論與建議 141
7.1 結論 141
7.2建議 143
參考文獻 145

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指導教授

周憲德

審核日期

2022-8-30

推文