以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：48

、訪客IP：18.221.93.44

姓名	柯凱鈞(Kai-Jun Ke)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	太空科學與工程研究所
論文名稱	新中壢電離層探測儀系統特性與實高分析－演算法與資料比對 (New Chung-Li Ionosonde System Description and True Height Analysis － Algorithm and Data Comparison)
相關論文	★ 利用中壢特高頻雷達研究對流降水系統雨滴粒徑與速度之關係 ★ 利用中壢特高頻雷達對流星現象進行觀測與應用 ★ 台灣北部地區大氣折射率之分析與應用 ★ 中華衛星一號Ka波段標識訊號大氣衰減之量測研究 ★ 利用華衛一號通訊實驗酬載Ka波段標識訊號對閃爍效應之研究 ★ 利用中立VHF雷達對大氣及降水回波特性之研究 ★ 台灣地區Ka波段大氣傳播通道之研究 ★ 低軌道Ka波段人造衛星標識訊號特性之研究 ★ 電離層散塊E層型態二不規則體之研究 ★ 中華衛星一號Ka波段傳播實驗診斷分析 ★ 中華衛星一號低軌道衛星 Ka 波段雨衰減實驗與模型建立 ★ 特高頻雷達對空中降水粒子大小與回波功 率關係之研究 ★ 低軌道衛星Ka波段閃爍現象之研究 ★ Ka波段雨衰減之分析與研究 ★ 電離層E層場列不規則體移行速度之估算研究 ★ 臺灣地區蒸發導管之特性研究
檔案	[Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載] 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。
摘要(中)	目前新中壢電離層觀測儀系統(Ionosonde) 於2020年開始執行運作，由太空科學與工程研究所特高頻雷達站團隊與澳洲Genesis公司共同開發研製。系統硬體設備部分，發射機採用脈波方式發射2至30MHz，頻率間距為50kHz時，共計561組頻段，其觀測距離為70至1214.32公里，距離解析度為3.84公里，整體掃頻時間約294.13秒，且使用16位元互補碼以增強回波訊號之訊雜比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio)。發射與接收天線採用倒V型設計，且利用GPS時間同步實現雙基雷達觀測(bistatic radar)，而發射機部分則利用8組諧波濾波(harmonic filter) 方式發射訊號，接收機部分則用8組帶通濾波器(band-pass filter)接收2至30MHz訊號。 本研究主要為開發電離圖參數判讀演算法，包含雜訊與訊號干擾處理、訊號辨識、機器學習、電子密度反演、實高分析與參數回歸分析等。因訊號僅由單一通道接收，經電離圖訊號處理後的正常波(O-wave)與異常波(X-wave)訊號，僅提供回波強度資訊，因此本研究首次提出二維自相關函數法(2DACF)利用影像處理方式將兩極化波成功辨識並分開，且在電離層參數與電子密度反演時也利用國際電離層參考模型(IRI)與考慮E、F1、F2層與E-F谷區的類拋物線模型(MQP-VDW)，最後利用逐步線性回歸分析模型對電離層參數調整，最後取得最佳電離層參數。資料分析主要比較演算法自動判讀結果與人工判讀結果，發現foF2 與h’F2參數比較結果良好，其中平均誤差0.84%與1.82%，標準差約8.19%與4.78%。另外福爾摩沙衛星七號掩星技術(Radio Occultation)資料包含foF2與hmF2也進行參數比對，根據掩星資料與測站距離遠近(5°至2°)，其結果顯示foF2相關係數約0.88至0.93，平均誤差約−0.43至−0.26 MHz，標準偏差約0.73至1.06 MHz；hmF2相關係數約0.68至0.75，平均誤差約−8.18至−5.63 km，標準偏差約23.38至29.14 km。
摘要(英)	In spite of being interrupted several times in its long history of operation since 1950, the routine observation of the ionosphere with various ionosondes installed at the Chung-Li ionosphere station in Taiwan has been achieved successively for more than seven decades. In this study, the system characteristics of the latest Chung-Li ionosonde and algorithm developed by National Central University for ionogram scaling and true height analysis, which started to routinely operate in 2020, are introduced. The new Chung-Li ionosonde is a pulse radar that transmits a train of short pulses with respective carrier frequencies between 2 and 30 MHz at a frequency separation of 50 kHz. The duration of an entire frequency sweep is 294.13 s, which is divided into 561 frequency channels. The 16-bit complementary code is employed to increase the signal-to-noise of the reflected echoes. The observational range is from 70 to 1221 km with a range resolution of 3.84 km. We developed an algorithm for the Chung-Li ionosonde to automatically scale the ionogram such that the true height profile of the ionospheric electron density can be retrieved. The observed traces of the ordinary wave (O-wave) and extraordinary wave (X-wave) displayed on the ionogram were first identified and separated by using 2-dimensional autocorrelation analysis combined with the image projection method. The true height analysis used stepwise regression. With the help of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model and Multiple Quasi-Parabolic model with E-F valley (MQP-VDW), we carried out true height analysis to retrieve the ionospheric electron density profile based on the O-wave trace. An examination showed that the ionospheric parameters (i.e., foF2, h’F2) retrieved from the automatic scaling algorithm were essentially in good agreement with those obtained from manual scaling. The ionosonde-measured foF2 and hmF2 were also compared with the FORMOSAT-7 measurements made with the GPS radio occultation technique. The results show that the correlation coefficient, mean difference , and root mean squared deviation were, respectively, in ranges from 0.88 to 0.93, −0.43 to −0.26 MHz, and 0.73 to 1.06 MHz for foF2 and in ranges from 0.68 to 0.75, −8.18 to −5.63km, and 23.38 to 29.14 km for hmF2.
關鍵字(中)	★ 電離層探測儀 ★ 電離圖 ★ 實高分析 ★ 自動判讀 ★ 二維自相關函數	關鍵字(英)	★ Ionosonde ★ Ionogram ★ True height analysis ★ Automatic Scaling ★ Two-dimension autocorrelation fuction
論文目次	摘要 i Abstract iii 致謝 v 目錄 vii 圖目錄 xi 表目錄 xviii 第 1 章 緒論 1 1-1研究目的 1 1-2文獻回顧 2 1-3中壢電離層探測儀簡介 10 1-4內容大綱 11 第 2 章 理論基礎 12 2-1 電離層分層 12 2-1-1 D層 14 2-1-2 E層 14 2-1-3 F層 17 2-1-4 E層不規則體(Sporadic E) 20 2-1-5 F層不規則體(Spread F) 22 2-2 磁離理論 25 2-2-1 電漿頻率 25 2-2-2 電子旋繞頻率 27 2-2-3 Appleton方程式 28 第 3 章 雷達硬體設備介紹 34 3-1發射機與接收機 34 3-2發射與接收天線 38 3-3天線安裝步驟 42 第 4 章 演算法介紹與應用 44 4-1 簡介 44 4-2 原始資料處理 47 4-3 電離圖定頻干擾與背景雜訊處理 48 4-4 訊號分層與分類 51 4-5 電離圖正、異常波訊號擷取 55 4-5-1 人工神經網絡轉子模型(ANN Rotor Model) 55 4-5-2 二維自相關函數法 63 4-5-3 卡爾曼濾波器 66 4-6 初始參數參考模型 69 4-6-1 國際電離層參考模型(IRI model) 69 4-6-2中性大氣參考模型(MSIS model) 70 4-6-3 經驗正交函數(EOF) 71 4-7 電子密度模型 74 4-7-1 電離層底層 74 4-7-2 電離層上層 78 4-8 實高分析 84 4-9 逐步線性回歸分析 87 4-10 不規則體辨識 93 4-10-1 Es層辨識 93 4-10-2 Spread F辨識 97 4-11 電離層吸收係數與衰減 100 第 5 章 演算法結果與討論 105 5-1資料來源與取得 105 5-1-1 電離圖人工判讀資料 105 5-1-2 衛星掩星資料 106 5-2 自動判讀與人工判讀比較 108 5-2-1自動判讀臨界頻率與虛高結果比較 108 5-2-2 自動判讀結果討論 114 5-2-3 總結 116 5-3福衛七號掩星資料與判讀結果比較 117 5-3-1 foF2與hmF2資料比對 119 5-3-2 掩星資料與電離層探測儀資料討論 126 5-3-3 總結 127 5-4 不規則體統計分析 128 5-4-1 Es層人工與自動判讀統計結果 131 5-4-2 Spread F人工與自動判讀統計結果 136 5-4-3 Es層與Spread F判讀結果討論 139 5-4-4 總結 140 第 6 章 學術貢獻與未來展望 141 6-1學術貢獻 141 6-2 未來展望 143 參考文獻 144 附錄 152 A. IRI模型jf switch條件表 152
參考文獻	吳剛宏. (2015). 改進 GPS 電波掩星法反演電離層 E 層電子濃度之誤差: COSMIC 觀測與 IRI 模型模擬. 國立中央大學博士論文. 柯凱鈞. (2018). 電離層參數判讀演算法與電離圖實高分析. 國立中央大學碩士論文. Abdu, M. (2005). Equatorial ionosphere–thermosphere system: Electrodynamics and irregularities. Advances in Space Research, 35, 771-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.150 Arras, C., Wickert, J., Beyerle, G., Heise, S., Schmidt, T., & Jacobi, C. (2008). A global climatology of ionospheric irregularities derived from GPS radio occultation. Geophysical research letters, 35(14). Axford, W. (1963). The formation and vertical movement of dense ionized layers in the ionosphere due to neutral wind shears. Journal of Geophysical Research, 68(3), 769-779. Baginyan, S., Glazov, A., Kisel, I., Konotopskaya, E., Neskoromnyi, V., & Ososkov, G. (1994). Tracking by a modified rotor model of neural network. Computer Physics Communications, 79(2), 165-178. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0010-4655(94)90065-5 Bamford, R., Stamper, R., & Cander, L. R. (2008). A comparison between the hourly autoscaled and manually scaled characteristics from the Chilton ionosonde from 1996 to 2004. Radio Science, 43(01), 1-11. Becker-Guedes, F., Sahai, Y., Fagundes, P., Lima, W., Pillat, V., Abalde, J., & Bittencourt, J. (2004). Geomagnetic storm and equatorial spread-F. Annales Geophysicae, Bilitza, D., Altadill, D., Truhlik, V., Shubin, V., Galkin, I., Reinisch, B., & Huang, X. (2017). International Reference Ionosphere 2016: From ionospheric climate to real‐time weather predictions. Space weather : the international journal of research & applications., 15(2), 418-429. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001593 Bilitza, D., Altadill, D., Zhang, Y., Mertens, C., Truhlik, V., Richards, P., McKinnell, L.-A., & Reinisch, B. (2014). The International Reference Ionosphere 2012 – a model of international collaboration. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 4, A07. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014004 Boswell, D. (2002). Introduction to support vector machines. Departement of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego. Bowman, G., Dunne, G., & Hainsworth, D. (1987). Mid-latitude spread-F occurrence during daylight hours. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 49(2), 165-176. Chapman, S. (1931). The absorption and dissociative or ionizing effect of monochromatic radiation in an atmosphere on a rotating earth part II. Grazing incidence. Proceedings of the Physical Society, 43(5), 483-501. https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/43/5/302 Cherniak, I., Zakharenkova, I., Braun, J., Wu, Q., Pedatella, N., Schreiner, W., Weiss, J.-P., & Hunt, D. (2021). Accuracy assessment of the quiet-time ionospheric F2 peak parameters as derived from COSMIC-2 multi-GNSS radio occultation measurements. In: EDP Sciences. Christakis, N., Haldoupis, C., Zhou, Q., & Meek, C. (2009). Seasonal variability and descent of mid-latitude sporadic E layers at Arecibo. Annales Geophysicae, Chu, Y.-H., Su, C.-L., & Ko, H.-T. (2010). A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements. Advances in Space Research, 46(4), 431-439. Coïsson, P., Radicella, S. M., Leitinger, R., & Nava, B. (2006). Topside electron density in IRI and NeQuick: Features and limitations. Advances in Space Research, 37(5), 937-942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005. 09.015 Cristianini, N., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2000). An introduction to support vector machines and other kernel-based learning methods. Cambridge university press. Croft, T. A., & Hoogansian, H. (1968). Exact Ray Calculations in a Quasi-Parabolic Ionosphere With No Magnetic Field. Radio Science, 3, 69-74. Dalal, N. (2006). Finding people in images and videos Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble-INPG]. Dalal, N., & Triggs, B. (2005). Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. 2005 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR′05), Davies, K. (1990). Ionospheric radio / Kenneth Davies. Peregrinus on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. dos Santos Prol, F., Themens, D. R., Hernández-Pajares, M., de Oliveira Camargo, P., & de Assis Honorato Muella, M. T. (2019). Linear Vary-Chap topside electron density model with topside sounder and radio-occultation data. Surveys in Geophysics, 40(2), 277-293. Enell, C.-F., Kozlovsky, A., Turunen, T., Ulich, T., Välitalo, S., Scotto, C., & Pezzopane, M. (2016). Comparison between manual scaling and Autoscala automatic scaling applied to Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory ionograms. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5(1), 53-64. Galkin, I., Reinisch, B., Grinstein, G., Khmyrov, G., Kozlov, A., Huang, X., & Fung, S. (2004). Automated exploration of the radio plasma imager data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA 010439 Galkin, I., Reinisch, B., Ососков, Г., Zaznobina, E., & Neshyba, S. (1996). Feedback neural networks for ARTIST ionogram processing. Radio Science - RADIO SCI, 31, 1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.1029/96RS01513 Galkin, I. A., Khmyrov, G. M., Kozlov, A. V., Reinisch, B. W., Huang, X., & Paznukhov, V. V. (2008). The Artist 5. AIP Conference Proceedings, Galkin, I. A., & Reinisch, B. W. (2008). The new ARTIST 5 for all digisondes. Ionosonde Network Advisory Group Bulletin, 69(8), 1-8. Ghosh, P., & Berkey, F. (2015). Autonomous identification and classification of ionospheric sporadic E in digital ionograms. Earth and Space Science, 2(7), 244-261. Haldoupis, C. (2011). A tutorial review on sporadic E layers. Aeronomy of the Earth′s Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 381-394. Harris, T. J., & Pederick, L. H. (2017). A Robust Automatic Ionospheric O/X Mode Separation Technique for Vertical Incidence Sounders. Radio Science, 52, 1534-1543. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017rs006279 Hernández‐Pajares, M., Garcia‐Fernàndez, M., Rius, A., Notarpietro, R., von Engeln, A., Olivares‐Pulido, G., Aragón‐Àngel, À., & García‐Rigo, A. (2017). Electron density extrapolation above F2 peak by the linear Vary‐Chap model supporting new Global Navigation Satellite Systems‐LEO occultation missions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(8), 9003-9014. Hopfield, J. J. (1982). Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79(8), 2554-2558. https://doi.org/doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554 Hu, L., Ning, B., Liu, L., Zhao, B., Li, G., Wu, B., Huang, Z., Hao, X., Chang, S., & Wu, Z. (2014). Validation of COSMIC ionospheric peak parameters by the measurements of an ionosonde chain in China. Annales Geophysicae, Huang, X., & Reinisch, B. W. (1996). Vertical electron density profiles from the Digisonde network. Advances in Space Research, 18(6), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00912-4 Huang, X., & Reinisch, B. W. (2000). Multiple quasi-parabolic presentation of the IRI profile. Advances in Space Research, 25(1), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00909-6 Jiang, C., Yang, G., Lan, T., Zhu, P., Song, H., Zhou, C., Cui, X., Zhao, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Improvement of automatic scaling of vertical incidence ionograms by simulated annealing. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 133, 178-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp. 2015.09.002 Jiang, C., Yang, G., Liu, J., Yokoyama, T., Komolmis, T., Song, H., Lan, T., Zhou, C., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2016). Ionosonde observations of daytime spread F at low latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(12), 12,093-012,103. Jiang, C., Yang, G., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, P., & Sun, H. (2013). An automatic scaling technique for obtaining F 2 parameters and F 1 critical frequency from vertical incidence ionograms. Radio Science, 48(6), 739-751. Jiang, C., Yang, G., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, P., Sun, H., & Zhou, C. (2014). A method for the automatic calculation of electron density profiles from vertical incidence ionograms. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 107, 20-29. Jo, E., Kim, Y. H., Moon, S., & Kwak, Y.-S. (2019). Seasonal and local time variations of sporadic E layer over South Korea. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences, 36(2), 61-68. Ke, K.-J., Su, C.-L., Kuong, R.-M., Chen, H.-C., Lin, H.-S., Chiu, P.-H., Ko, C.-Y., & Chu, Y.-H. (2022). New Chung-Li Ionosonde in Taiwan: System Description and Preliminary Results. Remote Sensing, 14(8), 1913. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1913 Kelley, M. C. (2009). The Earth′s ionosphere: Plasma physics and electrodynamics. Academic press. Krankowski, A., Zakharenkova, I., Krypiak-Gregorczyk, A., Shagimuratov, I. I., & Wielgosz, P. (2011). Ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC over the European region and validated by ionosonde data. Journal of Geodesy, 85(12), 949-964. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00190-011-0481-z Lan, T., Zhang, Y., Jiang, C., Yang, G., & Zhao, Z. (2018). Automatic identification of Spread F using decision trees. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 179, 389-395. Lee, C. C., Chen, W., & Chu, F. (2013). Observation of F region irregularities near a northern equatorial anomaly crest during solar minimum using ionosonde, GPS receiver, and satellites. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118(6), 3613-3621. Lynn, K. (2017). Histogram-based ionogram displays and their application to autoscaling. Advances in Space Research, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.asr.2017.12.019 Lynn, K. J. (2018). Histogram-based ionogram displays and their application to autoscaling. Advances in Space Research, 61(5), 1220-1229. Mallick, S. (2016). Histogram of oriented gradients explained using opencv. Retrieved from LearnOpenCV: https://learnopencv.com/histogram-of-oriented-gradients. Mathews, J., Machuga, D., & Zhou, Q. (2001). Evidence for electrodynamic linkages between spread-F, ion rain, the intermediate layer, and sporadic E: results from observations and simulations. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 63(14), 1529-1543. Matsushita, S. (1966). Sporadic E and ionospheric currents. Radio Science, 1(2), 204-211. Nava, B., Coïsson, P., & Radicella, S. M. (2008). A new version of the NeQuick ionosphere electron density model. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70(15), 1856-1862. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jastp.2008.01.015 Norman, R. J. (2003). An inversion technique for obtaining quasi-parabolic layer parameters from VI ionograms [radar signal processing]. 2003 Proceedings of the International Conference on Radar (IEEE Cat. No.03EX695), 363-367. Nsumei, P., Reinisch, B. W., Huang, X., & Bilitza, D. (2012). New Vary-Chap profile of the topside ionosphere electron density distribution for use with the IRI model and the GIRO real time data. Radio Science, 47(04), 1-11. Peterson, C. (1989). Track finding with neural networks. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 279(3), 537-545. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0168-9002(89)91300-4 Pezzopane, M., & Scotto, C. (2010). Highlighting the F2 trace on an ionogram to improve Autoscala performance. Computers & Geosciences, 36(9), 1168-1177. Picone, J. M., Hedin, A. E., Drob, D. P., & Aikin, A. C. (2002). NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues. Journal of geophysical research., 107(A12), SIA 15-11-SIA 15-16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430 Piggott, W., & Rawer, K. (1972). URSI handbook of ionogram interpretation and reduction, Rep. UAG-23, 15. Pignalberi, A., Pezzopane, M., & Zuccheretti, E. (2014). Sporadic E layer at mid-latitudes: average properties and influence of atmospheric tides. Annales Geophysicae, Pillat, V. G., Guimarães, L. N. F., Fagundes, P. R., & da Silva, J. D. S. (2013). A computational tool for ionosonde CADI′s ionogram analysis. Computers & Geosciences, 52, 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.11.009 Ping, B., Su, F., & Meng, Y. (2016). An Improved DINEOF Algorithm for Filling Missing Values in Spatio-Temporal Sea Surface Temperature Data. PLoS ONE, 11. Pope, P. T., & Webster, J. T. (1972). The Use of an F-Statistic in Stepwise Regression Procedures. Technometrics, 14(2), 327-340. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/1267425 Radicella, S. M., & Leitinger, R. (2001). The evolution of the DGR approach to model electron density profiles. Advances in Space Research, 27(1), 35-40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00138-1 Rawer, K. (1982). Replacement of the present sub-peak plasma density profile by a unique expression. Advances in Space Research, 2(10), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90387-8 Reinisch, B., Bilitza, D., Huang, X., & Nsumei, P. (2012). Vary-Chap topside electron density profile for IRI and GIRO. 1607. Reinisch, B. W., Nsumei, P., Huang, X., & Bilitza, D. K. (2007). Modeling the F2 topside and plasmasphere for IRI using IMAGE/RPI and ISIS data. Advances in Space Research, 39(5), 731-738. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.asr.2006.05.032 Reinisch, B. W., & Xueqin, H. (1983). Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms: 3. Processing of bottomside ionograms. Radio Science, 18(3), 477-492. Roberts, L. (1963). Machine Perception of Three-Dimensional Solids. Scotto, C. (2009). Electron density profile calculation technique for Autoscala ionogram analysis. Advances in Space Research, 44(6), 756-766. Scotto, C., & Pezzopane, M. (2007). A method for automatic scaling of sporadic E layers from ionograms. Radio Science, 42(2). Scotto, C., & Pezzopane, M. (2008). Removing multiple reflections from the F2 layer to improve Autoscala performance. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70(15), 1929-1934. Scotto, C., Pezzopane, M., & Zolesi, B. (2012). Estimating the vertical electron density profile from an ionogram: On the passage from true to virtual heights via the target function method. Radio Science, 47(01), 1-6. Scotto, C., & Settimi, A. (2014). The calculation of ionospheric absorption with modern computers. Advances in Space Research, 54(8), 1642-1650. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.017 Settimi, A., Ippolito, A., Cesaroni, C., & Scotto, C. (2014). Scientific Review on the Ionospheric Absorption and Research Prospects of a Complex Eikonal Model for One-Layer Ionosphere. International Journal of Geophysics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/657434 Shaikh, M., Notarpietro, R., & Nava, B. (2014). The impact of spherical symmetry assumption on radio occultation data inversion in the ionosphere: An assessment study. Advances in Space Research, 53(4), 599-608. Shi, S., Li, W., Zhang, K., Wu, S., Shi, J., Song, F., & Sun, P. (2021). Validation of COSMIC-2-Derived Ionospheric Peak Parameters Using Measurements of Ionosondes. Remote Sensing, 13(21), 4238. Su, F., Zhao, Z., Li, S., Yao, M., Chen, G., & Zhou, Y. (2012). Signal Identification and Trace Extraction for the Vertical Ionogram. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 9, 1031-1035. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2189350 Sultan, P. (1996). Linear theory and modeling of the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability leading to the occurrence of equatorial spread F. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 101(A12), 26875-26891. Sun, J., Zhang, X., Wang, S., Gong, Z.-Q., & Guangyou, F. (2016). Multi-quasi-parabolic ionosphere model with EF-valley. Annals of Geophysics, 59. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6780 Thrane, E. V., & Piggott, W. R. (1966). The collision frequency in the E- and D-regions of the ionosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 28(8), 721-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(66)90021-3 Tsai, L.-C., & Berkey, F. (2000). Ionogram analysis using fuzzy segmentation and connectedness techniques. Radio Science, 35, 1173-1186. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/1999RS002170 Tsai, L. C., & Berkey, F. T. (2000). Ionogram analysis using fuzzy segmentation and connectedness techniques. Radio Science, 35(5), 1173-1186. Ullman, S. (2002). Structural Saliency: The Detection of Globally Salient Structures Using a Locally Connected Network. Wakai, N., Ohyama, H., & Koizumi, T. (1987). Manual of ionogram scaling. Radio Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Japan. Welch, G., & Bishop, G. (2001). An Introduction to the Kalman Filter. Whitehead, J. (1961). The formation of the sporadic-E layer in the temperate zones. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 20(1), 49-58. Yamashita, T., Yamashita, K., & Kamimura, R. (2007). A Stepwise AIC Method for Variable Selection in Linear Regression. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 36(13), 2395-2403. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03610920701215639 Yang, K.-F., Chu, Y.-H., Su, C.-L., Ko, H.-T., & Wang, C.-Y. (2009). An examination of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC ionospheric electron density profile: Data quality criteria and comparisons with the IRI model. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 20(1), 193. Yen, S.-C., & Finkel, L. H. (1998). Extraction of perceptually salient contours by striate cortical networks. Vision Research, 38(5), 719-741. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00197-1 Zabotin, N., Wright, J., & Zhbankov, G. (2006). NeXtYZ: Three-dimensional electron density inversion for dynasonde ionograms. Radio Science, 41(06), 1-12.
指導教授	朱延祥(Yen-Hsyang Chu)	審核日期	2022-8-13
推文	facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu
網路書籤	Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare