基於無跡卡爾曼的DOA追蹤法於UPA波束成型OFDM系統接收機

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姓名

周昆頡(Kun-Chieh Chou) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於無跡卡爾曼的DOA追蹤法於UPA波束成型OFDM系統接收機
(UPA Beamforming OFDM Receiver Using the Unscented Kalman Filter for DOA Tracking)

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摘要(中)

第五代通訊系統(5G)擁有巨大的潛力可實現低功耗、覆蓋範圍廣、低延遲、大頻寬和可靠傳輸。
但其容易受到過大的路徑損耗、延遲擴展與同通道干擾(Co-Channel Interference, CCI)等問題。
因此通過到達角度(Direction of Angle, DoA)估測與波束成型(beamforming)可以有效提高陣列天線接收之訊雜比，
並且得到較佳的通訊品質進而解決以上問題。其中又以MUSIC演算法為到達角估測的經典方法之一，
本文利用此方法為基礎，進行改良即延伸，並結合OFDM設計接收機。
本論文提出在正交分頻多工(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)
系統接收端使用均勻平面陣列天線(Uniform Planar Array, UPA)為基礎，
在時域上藉由到達角度的估測來當作無跡卡爾曼濾波的DOA初始預測。
我們假設在目標物為移動訊號源的情況下所產生的角度變化量為基礎，
提出無跡卡爾曼濾波器適應性演算法在每次傳輸進行高效且精確的角度追蹤，
以提高OFDM系統中容量(capacity)，並利用模擬結果進行性能分析與討論。

摘要(英)

Nowadays, the ever-growing demand for mobile communications is constantly increasing the need for improved capacity,
better coverage, and higher-quality service. Three major disabilities limit the capacity and reliability of
wireless communication systems including multipath fading, delay spread, and co-channel interference.
With the high speed of communication in 5G, Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation and fast beamforming techniques
need to be adopted. The MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm has obvious advantage in high resolution
signal source estimation scenarios. The training time required to form and steer the main lobes toward 5G users must
be short.
In this thesis we evaluate an OFDM receiver with Uniform Planar Array (UPA). This work proposes tracking the
Direction of Arrival (DOA) through the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm based on a motion model
governing the moving source. DOA of the moving source is estimated using MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC)
and later the estimated DOA is used as an initial value and provided to the UKF algorithm to track the moving source.
Computer simulation is used to evaluate the performance of this work with MATLAB. Details drawing the process of
the proposed scheme are presented in this thesis.

關鍵字(中)

★ 波束成型
★ 無跡卡爾曼
★ 均勻平面陣列天線
★ 到達角估計

關鍵字(英)

★ Beamforming
★ Unscented Kalman Filter
★ Uniform Planar Array
★ Direction of Arrival

論文目次

目錄..................................................................i
圖目錄................................................................ii
表目錄................................................................iii
第1章序論.............................................................1
1.1 簡介......................................................1
1.2 章節架構..................................................4
第2章系統架構.........................................................5
2.1 OFDM介紹................................................5
2.2 OFDM技術關鍵............................................6
2.3 OFDM通訊系統和波束成型..................................7
2.4 通道估計................................................10
2.5 迫零等化器(Zero-Forcing Equalizer)......................11
第3章陣列天線與訊號處理...............................................12
3.1 天線增益(Antenna Gain)..................................12
3.2 相位陣列天線(Phased Array Antenna)......................13
3.3 天線方向圖(Antenna Pattern).............................13
3.4 均勻平面陣列天線(Uniform Planar Array)..................14
3.5 智慧型天線(Smart Antenna)...............................17
第4章角度估計與波束成型技術...........................................20
4.1 到達角估計(Direction of Arrival)........................20
4.2 多訊號分類(MUSIC)演算法.................................22
4.3 最小方差無失真響應(MVDR Beamforming)....................29
4.4 自適應濾波(Least-Mean-Square)演算法.....................32
第5章到達角之自適應追蹤...............................................35
5.1 Beam Sweeping Algorithm.................................35
5.2 到達角之適應性追蹤......................................39
5.3 無跡卡爾曼演算法(Unscented Kalman Filter)...............42
第6章系統模擬與結果分析...............................................46
6.1 DOA初估(MUSIC on Initial Training Sequence).............48
6.1.1 DOA初估(BSA based MUSIC)性能分析......................51
6.2 DOA追蹤(UKF on Preamble per Subframe)...................54
6.3 OFDM接收性能(DOA變化)...................................65
第7章結論.............................................................66
參考文獻..............................................................68

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指導教授

張大中(Dah-Chung Chang)

審核日期

2022-9-20

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