考量揀貨路徑策略之訂單批次化問題研究

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江允平(Yun-Ping CHIANG) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

考量揀貨路徑策略之訂單批次化問題研究

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摘要(中)

物流中心的所有內部作業中，揀貨作業是一種屬於勞力密集且成本相當高的部分，揀貨所需的時間佔整體作業時間比例大約35~45%。在成本方面，揀貨所需的人工成本佔了物流業總成本20~25%，而物流中心的揀貨作業則佔了總成本約達50%。因此，如何建立有效的揀貨流程，以最大化的降低揀貨作業的成本，對於物流業者整體營運效率之提升將有重大的影響。
本研究主要探討物流倉庫訂單批次化揀取作業的方法，基於4種揀貨路徑提出不同訂單相似係數並以群聚方法進行訂單批次化揀貨，利用揀貨總行走距離為績效指標，比較不同揀貨路徑策略下訂單批次化方法的績效，找出在不同儲位設計下最佳的批次化方法。另外，本文將與過往研究提出的批次化揀貨法則做比較，並提出對未來研究方法的建議，以供實際揀貨業者的揀貨作為參考依據。並期望能對實際現實倉儲環境有很大的幫助，提升揀貨作業之效率。

摘要(英)

Among all the internal operations of a logistics center, picking is a labor-intensive and costly part, and the time required for picking accounts for about 35-45% of the overall operating time. In terms of cost, the labor cost required for picking accounts for 20-25% of the total cost of the logistics industry, while the picking operation in the logistics center accounts for about 50% of the total cost. Therefore, how to establish an effective picking process to minimize the cost of picking operations will have a significant impact on the overall operational efficiency of logistics operators.
This research mainly discusses the method of order batching operations in Distribution Centre. Based on four picking policies, different order similarity coefficients are proposed, and clustering method is used for order batching. Use the Total Travel Distance of Pickers（TTD）to evaluate the performance of order batching methods under different picking policies, find out the best batching method for different storage location designs. In addition, this paper will compare with the batch picking rules proposed in previous studies, and propose suggestions for future research methods, which can be used as a reference for actual picking operators. It is expected that it will be of great help to the actual warehouse environment and improve the efficiency of picking operations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 揀貨路徑
★ 訂單批次化

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Centre
★ Order Picking Route
★ Order Batching

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章绪論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 4
1.4 研究環境 4
1.5 研究流程與架構 6
第二章文獻探討 9
2.1 物流 10
2.1.1 物流的定義 10
2.1.2 物流中心 11
2.1.3 現代物流的重要性 13
2.2 訂單揀取（Order Picking） 14
2.2.1 揀貨員的揀貨方式（Order Picking Methods） 14
2.2.2 訂單揀貨問題（Order Picking Problem） 16
2.2.3 訂單批次化（Order Batching） 19
2.3 揀貨路徑策略（Order Picking Route） 25
2.3.1 旅行推銷員問題（Traveling Salesman Problem） 26
2.3.2 揀貨政策（Picking Policies） 28
第三章研究方法 33
3.1 研究問題說明 33
3.2 方法架構與流程 34
3.3 路徑策略介紹 38
3.3.1 Traversal 路徑策略 38
3.3.2 Return 路徑策略 39
3.3.3 Midpoint 路徑策略 40
3.3.4 Largest Gap 路徑策略 41
3.4 不同路徑策略下之訂單相似係數 42
3.4.1 Traversal路徑策略訂單相似係數 43
3.4.1.1 Traversal路徑策略訂單相似係數TypeⅠ（Hwang and Kim, 2005） 43
3.4.1.2 Traversal路徑策略訂單相似係數Type II 47
3.4.1.3 Traversal路徑策略訂單相似係數Type III 53
3.4.2 Return路徑策略訂單相似係數 57
3.4.2.1 Return路徑策略訂單相似係數TypeⅠ（Hwang and Kim, 2005） 57
3.4.2.2 Return路徑策略訂單相似係數Type Ⅱ 61
3.4.2.3 Return路徑策略訂單相似係數Type IⅡ 67
3.4.3 Midpoint路徑策略訂單相似係數 71
3.4.3.1 Midpoint路徑策略訂單相似係數TypeⅠ（Hwang and Kim, 2005） 71
3.4.3.2 Midpoint路徑策略訂單相似係數TypeⅡ 77
3.4.3.3 Midpoint路徑策略訂單相似係數Type III 83
3.4.4 Largest gap路徑策略訂單相似係數Type I 87
3.4.5 Largest gap路徑策略訂單相似係數Type II 93
3.5 群聚方法（Clustering algorithm） 97
3.5.1 Single-linkage群聚法 97
3.6 Seed-order（種子訂單）選取法則+Accompanying-order（配合訂單）選取法則 103
3.6.1 Seed-order（種子訂單）選取法則 105
3.6.2 Accompanying-order（配合訂單）選取法則 106
第四章實驗結果與分析 107
4.1 實驗設計 107
4.1.1 實驗環境 107
4.1.2 儲位擺放比例設計 113
4.1.3 實驗目的與方法 114
4.1.4 實驗因子 115
4.2 績效評估指標 121
4.3 統計分析 121
4.3.1 分析說明 122
4.3.2 在Within-Aisle下各種路徑策略之訂單批次化方法績效表現 122
4.3.2.1 在Within-Aisle下TV訂單批次化方法績效表現 122
4.3.2.2 在Within-Aisle下RT訂單批次化方法績效表現 124
4.3.2.3 在Within-Aisle下MD訂單批次化方法績效表現 126
4.3.2.4 在Within-Aisle下LG訂單批次化方法績效表現 127
4.3.3 在Across-Aisle下各種路徑策略之訂單批次化方法績效表現 129
4.3.3.1 在Across-Aisle下TV訂單批次化方法績效表現 129
4.3.3.2 在Across-Aisle下RT訂單批次化方法績效表現 131
4.3.3.3 在Across-Aisle下MD訂單批次化方法績效表現 132
4.3.3.4 在Across-Aisle下LG訂單批次化方法績效表現 134
4.3.4 在Diagonal下各種路徑策略之訂單批次化方法績效表現 135
4.3.4.1 在Diagonal下TV訂單批次化方法績效表現 135
4.3.4.2 在Diagonal下RT訂單批次化方法績效表現 137
4.3.4.3 在Diagonal下MD訂單批次化方法績效表現 138
4.3.4.4 在Diagonal下LG訂單批次化方法績效表現 140
4.3.5 在Surround下各種路徑策略之訂單批次化方法績效表現 141
4.3.5.1 在Surround下TV訂單批次化方法績效表現 141
4.3.5.2 在Surround下RT訂單批次化方法績效表現 143
4.3.5.3 在Surround下MD訂單批次化方法績效表現 145
4.3.5.4 在Surround下LG訂單批次化方法績效表現 146
4.3.6 在Random下各種路徑策略之訂單批次化方法績效表現 148
4.3.6.1 在Random下TV訂單批次化方法績效表現 148
4.3.6.2 在Random下RT訂單批次化方法績效表現 150
4.3.6.3 在Random下MD訂單批次化方法績效表現 151
4.3.6.4 在Random下LG訂單批次化方法績效表現 153
4.3.7 儲位設計因子與路徑策略之訂單批次化方法因子之交互作用 155
4.3.7.1 儲位設計因子與TV之訂單批次化方法因子之交互作用 155
4.3.7.2 儲位設計因子與RT之訂單批次化方法因子之交互作用 161
4.3.7.3 儲位設計因子與MD之訂單批次化方法因子之交互作用 165
4.3.7.4 儲位設計因子與LG之訂單批次化方法因子之交互作用 169
4.4 實驗結論 174
第五章結論與建議 189
5.1 研究結論 189
5.2 後續研究建議 190
參考文獻 191
中文部分 191
英文部分 192

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指導教授

何應欽

審核日期

2023-1-17

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