應用於智慧製造之網宇實體系統訓練資料異常檢知

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姓名

黃鈺淳(Yu-Tsun Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

應用於智慧製造之網宇實體系統訓練資料異常檢知
(Anomaly Detection of Training Data for Cyber-Physical System in Intelligent Manufacturing)

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摘要(中)

網宇實體系統會在雲端建立預測用的數值模型，再利用由工廠自動收集的資料訓練該數
值模型，並且持續追隨實體的情況更新模型。為了避免異常資料混入正常資料中導致更新後
之數值模型資料汙染，進而造成的預測不準確。因此需要異常資料過濾器將資料進行過濾，
以維護網宇實體系統的性能。
本研究之過濾器由自動編碼器與分類器構成。先使用正常資料訓練前端的自動編碼器，
使其能夠初步辨識正常資料與異常資料。接著在後端建立用於分辨資料正確性之分類器，由
支援向量機、隨機森林、K-近鄰演算法與集成式學習構成。分類器的輸入資料包含自動編碼
器之輸入與輸出，也可以加入兩者差異的量化指標。最後，分類器會將資料區分成正確或錯
誤二類，只有正常資料可以用於更新網宇實體系統之數值模型，避免異常資料影響其性能。
本研究使用二個製程案例對研究方法進行驗證及調整；第一個案例是使用文獻上的雷射
金屬沉積製程優化案例，第二個案例是使用 3D 生物列印之製程優化案例。先評估資料汙染
程度對數值模型的影響，再利用本研究發展之方法過濾異常資料，並且分析分類的情況；其
中真陽性與偽陽性是影響資料汙染的關鍵指標。結果顯示本研究分類的正確率大於 94.7％，
錯誤率小於 3.3％，所以本研究提出之方法可確實避免網宇實體模型受到資料汙染的影響。

摘要(英)

The cyber-physical system of the manufacturing industry will build a numerical model for
prediction in the cloud, and then will train the numerical model with the data collected automatically
from the factory, and continuously update the model. To avoid the inaccurate predictions caused by
the data poisoning of the updated numerical model due to the mixing of the wrong data with the
correct data, an error data filter is needed to classify the data and maintain the performance of the
cyber-physical system.
The filter in this study consists of Auto-Encoder and a classifier. First, use the correct data to
train the front-end Auto-Encoder so that it can initially identify correct and incorrect data. Then, the
classifier is built at the back-end to distinguish the correctness of the data, which consists of Support
Vector Machines, Random Forest, a K-Nearest Neighbor and Ensemble Learning. The input data of
the classifier includes the input and output of the Auto-Encoder, and can also include quantifiers of
the difference between them. Finally, the classifier classifies the data into correct or incorrect
categories. Only correct data can be used for updating the numerical model of the cyber-physical
system.
In this study, two process cases are used to validate and adapt the research method; the first case
is Laser Direct Metal Deposition, and the second case is Modeling and Parameter Optimization of 3D
Printing Process with Bio-material. The impact of data poisoning on the numerical model was
evaluated, and then the method developed in this study was used to filter out the wrong data and
analyze the classification; true positive and false positive were the key indicator of data poisoning.
The results show that the classification accuracy rate of this study is greater than 94.7%, and the error
rate is less than 3.3%. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can indeed avoid the influence of
data poisoning on the cyber-physical model.

關鍵字(中)

★ 網宇實體系統
★ 異常資料過濾
★ 自動編碼器
★ 集成學習

關鍵字(英)

★ Cyber physical system
★ anomaly data filter
★ Autoencoder
★ Ensemble learning

論文目次

摘要.............Ⅰ
Abstract ........Ⅱ
致謝.............Ⅲ
目錄.............Ⅳ
圖目錄...........Ⅶ
表目錄...........Ⅷ
第一章、緒論......1
1-1 研究背景 .....1
1-2 文獻回顧 .....1
1-2-1 異常檢測....3
1-2-2 數據生成與分類....5
1-3 研究動機與目的 .....6
1-4 論文架構 ..........6
第二章、相關研究與技術...7
2-1 數位雙胞 ..........7
2-2 機器學習 ..........7
2-2-1 發展.............7
2-2-2 自動編碼器.......8
2-2-3 分類神經網路.....9
(A) 支援向量機.........10
(B) 隨機森林 ......... 11
(C) K-近鄰演算法.......12
2-2-4 卷積神經網路.....13
2-2-5 對抗式生成網路...14
2-2-6 評估指標.........15
(A) 回歸指標...........15
(B) 分類指標 ..........15
第三章、研究方法........18
3-1 研究方法概觀 .......18
3-2 AE 模型設計 .......21
3-3 分類模型設計 ......23
3-4 異常資料產生方法 ...24
3-5 實作環境 ..........24
第四章、研究案例與討論..25
4-1 LMD 案例進行模型設計....25
4-1-1 資料汙染測試..........25
4-1-2 AE 模型架構...........28
4-1-3 異常資料過濾器架構.....29
(A) 架構Ⅰ...................29
(B) 架構Ⅱ .................30
(C) 架構Ⅲ .................32
4-1-4 討論.................35
4-2 3D 生物列印製程優化案例進行模型評估.....36
4-2-1 資料汙染測試........................37
4-2-2 異常資料過濾器架構..................41
(A) 架構Ⅰ................................41
(B) 架構Ⅱ ..............................43
(C) 架構Ⅲ ..............................43
4-2-3 討論...............................45
4-3 鑄件缺陷檢測 .........................47
4-3-1 電腦視覺的預測模型..................47
4-3-2 資料汙染測試........................47
4-3-3 異常資料過濾器......................49
4-4 綜合討論 ............................52
第五章、結論與建議........................54
5-1 貢獻與結論 ..........................54
5-2 建議及未來展望 ......................54
參考文獻................................56

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指導教授

林錦德(Chin-Te Lin)

審核日期

2022-11-15

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