嘉義農業帶降水化學特徵分析

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邱佳陽(Chia-Yang Chiu) 查詢紙本館藏

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大氣科學學系

論文名稱

嘉義農業帶降水化學特徵分析

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摘要(中)

本研究分析環保署嘉義酸雨站2004-2020年長期降雨化學監測資料，結果顯示其長期降水權重平均pH為5.20，pH與pAi(- log ( [nss-SO42-] + [NO3-] ))相關性分析結果並不顯著，表示降水化學中和效應顯著，而主要中和因子為NH4+，應與嘉義地區農業活動頻繁有關。主要致酸因子SO42-逐年權重平均有顯著降低趨勢，而NO3-長期逐年濃度趨勢有明顯震盪，但濃度值並未明顯減低，長期趨勢並不顯著。嘉義地區長期S沉降量呈現減少趨勢，具有顯著性；N沉降量主來自於NH4+貢獻，N與N-NH4+以及N-NO3-沉降量長期趨勢雖為減量，但並不顯著。
應用因子分析共分類出3個因子，Factor1 為農業活動與工業、交通污染以及塵土等因子混合影響，Factor 2 為Cl-、Na+及Mg2+為高度相關，三者屬海洋因子，Factor 3 為K+高度相關，Cl-為中度相關，為塵土與農業混合因子影響。污染來源推估結果可將氣流分為三個主要來源，Cluster 2可能會帶來較多之境外污染物傳輸貢獻，佔總樣本數之28 %，Cluster 1與Cluster 3 佔總樣本數72 %，可能以台灣區域性污染物為主。分析高濃度降水個案顯示，在嘉義地區除受到境外污染物傳送貢獻外，也可能受到台中地區較高污染排放傳送至嘉義地區影響當地降水。

摘要(英)

In this study, long-term precipitation chemistry monitoring data from the Chiayi Acid Rain Station from 2004 to 2020 were analysed. The results of the analysis showed that the long-term rainfall-weighted average pH of precipitation in the Chiayi region was 5.20. The correlation analysis between pH and pAi showed no significant relationship. This indicates a significant neutralization effect in precipitation chemistry. The primary neutralizing factor was found to be NH4+, which is likely associated with frequent agricultural activities in the Chiayi region. The main acidifying factor, SO42-, showed a significant decreasing trend in the rainfall-weighted average concentration over the years. On the other hand, the long-term yearly concentration trend of NO3- exhibited noticeable variability, but the concentration values did not show a significant decrease, and the long-term trend was not significant. The long-term S deposition in the Chiayi region showed a decreasing trend with a slope of -0.374(P = 0.0013<0.05), indicating statistical significance. The deposition of N was mainly contributed by NH4+, and although the long-term trends of N, N-NH4+, and N-NO3- deposition showed a decrease, they were not statistically significant.
The factor analysis classified three factors. Factor 1 represents a combination of agricultural activities, traffic pollution, and dust, among other factors. Factor 2 shows a high correlation between Cl-, Na+, and Mg2+, related a marine source. Factor 3 shows a high correlation with K+ and moderately correlated with Cl-, associated with agriculture, and dust-related influences. The estimated pollution sources suggest three main airflow source regions. Cluster 2 may be attributed more to the long-range transport pollutants, accounting for 28 % of the total samples. Cluster 1 and Cluster 3, comprising 72 % of the total samples, are likely to be associated with local/regional pollutants surrounding Taiwan. The analysis of high concentration precipitation events indicates that, in addition to the long-range transport pollutants, the Chiayi region may also be influenced by higher pollutant emissions from the Taichung area, which affect local precipitation.

關鍵字(中)

★ 酸雨
★ 酸沉降
★ 因子分析

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要……………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………..ii
誌謝………………………………………………………...……………iv
目錄………………………………………………………………………v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章前言 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2.1酸雨概述 4
2.1.1 酸雨的定義 4
2.1.2 酸雨的成因 5
2.2酸雨的危害 6
2.3 國際酸雨現況 9
2.3.1 美國與歐洲酸雨現況 9
2.3.2 亞洲酸雨現況 16
2.4 台灣酸雨研究 20
第三章研究方法 22
3.1 酸雨監測網介紹 24
3.1.1測站概述 34
3.1.2樣本採集方法 41
3.1.3樣本分析 41
3.2 資料計算 44
第四章結果與討論 49
4.1 雨水化學特性 49
4.2嘉義站長期降水化學年變化趨勢 72
4.2.1溼沉降量估算 83
4.3 污染源推估 90
4.4降水化學污染源區推估 97
4.5 個案分析 104
第五章結論與展望 127
5.1 結論 127
5.2 未來展望 130
參考文獻 131

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指導教授

林能暉

審核日期

2023-8-16

推文