斷層錯動對地表不同基礎結構物的影響

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姓名

江富誠(Fu-Cheng Chiang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

斷層錯動對地表不同基礎結構物的影響
(The effects of fault slipping on the buildings with different foundation types)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-1-30以後開放)

摘要(中)

斷層錯動常伴隨著地表變形，造成結構物以及生命財產的損失。過去國內外已有單一土層、複合土層與不同基礎型式的斷層相關研究，並訂定相關法規，但沒有考量建築物高度對於結構物受斷層錯動的影響程度。本研究探討建築物高度於複合土層受斷層錯動的建築物行為，透過本研究成果，建議未來試驗設計能有更周全的考量，以保障人民生命財產安全。
本研究於80倍地球重力場之離心力場下比較12組離心模型試驗結果，以60度斷層傾角模擬正、逆斷層錯動，探討不同建築物高度、接觸應力及基礎型式之建築物傾斜量、位移及地下管線的變形行為。土層總厚度(H)為8 m，底層為水泥混石英砂之複合材料，表層為石英砂層，其土層厚度比為7:3。模型基礎型式分為淺基礎與樁基礎，建築物高度為9.6 m及3.6 m，與地盤間之接觸應力為48 kPa及27 kPa。地下維生管線以直徑0.16 m、長度58.56 m之鋁線模擬，埋置深度為0.8 m。
試驗結果顯示，在相同接觸應力的條件下，建築物高度會影響結構物受斷層錯動的行為；土層的行為會受到不同接觸應力以及基礎型式的影響，但不受建築物樓高的影響；在逆斷層淺基礎建築物試驗中，接觸應力越大，則地表影響範圍越小，軟岩層最多減少30%H(約30%)影響區域，砂土層最多減少34%H(約14%)影響區域；在逆斷層試驗中，設置樁基礎之地表影響範圍會比淺基礎型式少，軟岩層最多減少60%H(約60%)影響區域，砂土層最多減少66%H(約27%)影響區域；地下管線於正斷層試驗中，上盤段會露出地表；逆斷層試驗中，管線則隨著地表變化而變形。

摘要(英)

The loss of structures, life and property usually cause by the fault slipping. In the past, there have been researches on single soil layers, composite soil layers, and the different foundation types by fault slip. Relevant regulations have been formulated. But the influence of building height during fault slipping has not been considered. This study focus on the behavior of building height whose is affected by fault in the composite soil layer. Through the results of this study, it is suggested that future experimental designs should be more comprehensively considered to protect people′s lives and property.
In this study, twelve centrifuge modeling tests are conducted to investigate the behavior of different building heights, contact pressures, foundation types of buildings, and lifeline deformation during fault slip with the dip angle of 60 degrees under 80 g centrifuge acceleration field. Silica sand and cemented sand are used to prepare the total thickness (H) of the 8 m soil stratum. The thickness ratio of the soil stratum between cemented sand and sandy layer is 7:3. The height of the higher building is 9.6 m and the contact pressure is 48 kPa. The heights of the lower buildings are 3.6 m with different contact pressure are 27 kPa and 48 kPa, respectively. There are two types of foundations for the buildings. One is shallow foundation; the other is pile foundation. An aluminum pipeline is embedded at the depth of 0.8 m to simulate the prototypal length of 58.56 m and diameter of 0.16 m lifeline.
The test results show that in the same contact stress condition, the height of the building will affect the behavior of the structure by fault slipping. The behavior of the soil layer will be affected by different contact stress and foundation type, but not affected by the height of the building. The shallow foundation building in the reverse fault test, the greater the contact stress, the smaller the influence area, the soft rock layer can reduce the influence area by 30%H at most, and the sand layer can reduce the influence area by 34%H at most. In the reverse fault test, the influence area of pile foundation types will be less than that of the shallow foundation type, the soft rock layer can reduce the influence area by 60%H at most, and the sand layer can reduce the influence area by 66%H at most. The underground pipeline in the normal fault test, the hanging wall section will be exposed to the surface. In the reverse fault test, the pipeline deforms as the surface changes.

關鍵字(中)

★ 正斷層
★ 逆斷層
★ 建築物高度
★ 接觸應力
★ 離心模型試驗
★ 複合土層

關鍵字(英)

★ normal fault
★ reverse fault
★ contact pressure
★ building height
★ centrifuge modeling
★ multiple soil strata

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
符號說明 xiii
一、緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 2
二、文獻回顧 4
2-1 斷層概述 4
2-1-1 活動斷層定義與分類 4
2-1-2 活動斷層調查方法 5
2-1-3 破裂型態 6
2-2 現地案例 6
2-3 國內相關法規 11
2-4 物理模型 13
2-4-1 1 g模型試驗 13
2-4-2 離心模型試驗 13
2-5 離心模型原理 18
2-5-1 離心模型之縮尺律(scaling law) 19
2-5-2 離心模型之限制 20
三、離心模型試驗設備與試驗步驟 22
3-1 試驗儀器與設備 22
3-1-1 地工離心機 22
3-1-2 資料擷取系統 25
3-1-3 斷層模擬試驗箱 26
3-1-4 地表高程掃描裝置 28
3-1-5 雷射位移感測器(LDT) 29
3-1-6 線性可變差動變壓器(LVDT) 29
3-1-7 攝影系統 31
3-1-8 移動式霣降儀 32
3-2 試驗材料 33
3-2-1 石英細砂 33
3-2-2 金鋼砂 35
3-2-3 水泥混石英細砂 36
3-3 建築物模型設計與管線 39
3-4 試驗前準備與試驗步驟 44
3-4-1 試驗前保養及準備工作 44
3-4-2 試體製作 45
3-4-3 試體安裝 46
3-4-4 試驗過程 47
四、試驗內容與結果討論 48
4-1 試驗內容 48
4-2 試驗數據相關名詞與定義 50
4-3 試驗結果 53
4-3-1 一樓層正斷層淺基礎試驗結果(NS_1F) 53
4-3-2 較高載重的一樓層正斷層淺基礎試驗(NS_1FH) 60
4-3-3 一樓層正斷層樁基礎試驗(NP_1F) 65
4-3-4 較高載重的一樓層正斷層樁基礎試驗(NP_1FH) 71
4-3-5 一樓層逆斷層淺基礎試驗(RS_1F) 77
4-3-6 較高載重的一樓層逆斷層淺基礎試驗(RS_1FH) 84
4-3-7 一樓層逆斷層樁基礎試驗(RP_1F) 90
4-3-8 較高載重的一樓層逆斷層樁基礎試驗(RP_1FH) 96
4-4 試驗結果討論 104
4-4-1 建築物傾斜量 104
4-4-2 建築物水平位移量 110
4-4-3 剪裂帶發展 115
4-4-4 地表影響範圍 123
4-4-5 地下管線 129
五、結論與建議 131
5-1 結論 131
5-2 建議 132
六、參考文獻 133

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指導教授

洪汶宜(Wen-Yi Hung)

審核日期

2023-1-17

推文