開發聚離子液體以綠色分析化學技術檢測環境水樣中防曬乳成分殘留之研究

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陳宣妤(Hsuan-Yu Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學學系

論文名稱

開發聚離子液體以綠色分析化學技術檢測環境水樣中防曬乳成分殘留之研究

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-6-30以後開放)

摘要(中)

本研究之待測物，防曬乳成分–二苯甲酮類化合物(Benzophenones, 簡稱BPs)，此類化合物能夠吸收紫外線作為防曬成分，因此被廣泛應用於個人護理產品、食品包裝塗料等民生用品中，然而BPs屬於內分泌干擾物質(Endocrine disrupting chemicals, 簡稱EDCs )，隨著其使用量的增加，造成的污染範圍也隨之擴展進入到環境中，對環境及人體造成的累積性危害也逐漸受到各方矚目。
因此，開發出一種靈敏度高、簡單、高效，用以檢測環境水樣中六種防曬乳成分殘留，且符合綠色化學之分析方法。本研究以聚離子液體為塗層材料作為攪拌子吸附萃取法中之新穎吸附劑，其具有熔點低、熱穩定性佳、可回收再利用、對環境友善等優點，且具有結構調控性，研究中選擇咪唑型陽離子及PF6-陰離子作為聚合物單體組成，提高吸附劑在水中的穩定性，搭配超高效液相層析儀串聯電灑游離法(+)四極桿飛行時間式質譜儀(UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS)，並以高解析汲取離子層析圖模式增加解析度。
實驗條件以單因子最佳化及實驗設計軟體Box-Behnken Design (BBD)，利用BBD中的變異數分析(ANOVA)進行萃取條件最佳化。獲得最佳條件為：以聚離子液體P(C10ImPF6)作為吸附劑塗層，於20 mL水樣中進行吸附90分鐘，攪拌速度600 rpm，脫附溶劑為1 mL甲醇，以Vortex方式脫附1分鐘後，吹氮濃縮至0.1 mL，最後將3 μL萃取物注入 UHPLC-QTOF-MS 進行檢測分析，濃縮倍率達200倍，提高分析靈敏度。
本研究所開發之方法P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE，偵測極限LOD為0.025至3 ng/mL，Intra day及Inter day的相對標準偏差RSD ≤ 4%，萃取回收率介於93% 至104%之間，由結果可知本方法呈現良好穩定性及再現性。最後以P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE結合UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS進行真實環境水樣中防曬乳成分殘留之檢測，包括校內百花川及中大湖、南崁溪上下游，成功檢測待測物BP-3之殘留。

摘要(英)

In this study, benzophenone-type (BPs) ultraviolet (UV)-filters are used as the analysis object, which can absorb UV radiation as sunscreen ingredients, so they are widely used in personal care products, food-packed coatings and other household products. However, BPs belong to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), with the increase of their usage, the scope of contaminants will also expand into the environment. They have also gradually attracted much public attention of all parties, due to the cumulative harm to the ecosystems and human body.
Therefore, a high-sensitivity, simple, and efficient analytical method for detecting the residues of six BPs UV-filters in environmental water samples, which comply with developed green chemistry. In this study, polyionic liquid (PIL) was used as the coating material as a novel adsorbent in the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) method, which has the advantages of low melting point, good thermal stability, recyclability, structure controllability and environmental friendliness. Imidazolium cation and (PF6-) hexafluorophosphate anion as a polymer monomer composition, improve the stability of the adsorbent in water. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization(+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS) was applied for detection and quantitation coupled with high-resolution extracted ion chromatogram mode to increase the sensitivity.
The experimental conditions were optimized by one-factor at-a-time optimization and multivariate experimental design software Box-Behnken Design (BBD), and the extraction conditions were optimized by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in BBD. The best conditions were as follows: P(C10ImPF6) was used as the adsorbent coating, extracted in 20 mL water sample for 90 min, the stirring rate was 600 rpm, the desorption solvent was 1 mL methanol, and the desorption time was 1 min. Then, the extract was nitrogen sweeping to 0.1 mL, and finally 3 μL of the extract was directly injected into UHPLC-QTOF-MS for detection. The enrichment factor can be reached at 200-fold, which enhanced the analysis sensitivity.
The developed method P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE exhibited satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.9957), favorable precision with Intra day and Inter day relative standard deviation (RSD%) were all less than 4%, and a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.025 to 3 ng/mL, satisfactory extraction recovery ranging from 93% to 104%, the results show that the method presents good stability and reproducibility. Finally, the developed P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE method combined with UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS was then successfully applied to detect BPs residues in environmental water samples.

關鍵字(中)

★ 聚離子液體
★ 攪拌子吸附萃取法
★ 二苯甲酮類化合物
★ 實驗設計

關鍵字(英)

★ Polyionic liquid (PIL)
★ Stir Bar Sorption Extraction (SBSE)
★ Benzophenones (BPs)
★ Design of experiment

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
謝誌 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xi
第一章前言 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究目標 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1聚離子液體材料 3
2-1-1聚離子液體材料簡介 3
2-1-2離子液體的應用 4
2-1-3合成方法 5
2-1-4咪唑型聚離子液體 5
2-2攪拌子吸附萃取法(Stir bar sorptive extraction, 簡稱SBSE) 8
2-2-1前言 8
2-2-2原理 9
2-3防曬乳成分(UV filters) 11
2-3-1二苯甲酮類化合物(Benzophenones, 簡稱BPs) 11
2-3-2對環境及人體的影響 12
2-3-3相關法規 12
2-4相關文獻 13
第三章實驗步驟與樣品分析 17
3-1實驗藥品與設備 17
3-1-1實驗藥品 17
3-1-2儀器設備 18
3-2實驗步驟 19
3-2-1聚離子液體材料合成 19
3-2-1-1單體合成 19
3-2-1-2離子交換 20
3-2-1-3聚合反應 22
3-2-2標準品配製 24
3-2-3超高效液相層析串聯質譜儀參數 25
3-2-4質量校正 26
3-2-5攪拌子吸附萃取法 27
3-2-5-1攪拌子製作 27
3-2-5-2攪拌子吸附萃取法流程 27
3-2-6樣品來源 28
第四章結果與討論 29
4-1聚離子液體材料合成 29
4-1-1單體合成 29
4-1-2離子交換 29
4-1-3聚合反應 30
4-2聚離子液體材料性質探討 31
4-2-1高解析核磁共振儀NMR 31
4-2-2 傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀FT-IR 32
4-2-3凝膠滲透層析儀GPC 32
4-2-4 超高解析冷場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡CFE-SEM 34
4-2-5 熱重分析儀TGA 35
4-2-6 P(C10ImPF6)材料吸附劑之重複使用率之探討 36
4-3 UHPLC-QTOF-MS對待測物之測定 37
4-3-1待測物分析及其層析圖 37
4-3-2待測物之質譜圖 38
4-4攪拌子吸附萃取法最佳化條件探討 39
4-4-1單因子最佳化探討 39
4-4-1-1吸附劑選擇 39
4-4-1-2吸附過程之吸附時間 40
4-4-1-3吸附過程之攪拌速度 41
4-4-1-4脫附過程之脫附溶劑 42
4-4-1-5脫附過程之脫附時間 43
4-4-1-6脫附過程之脫附方式 44
4-4-2實驗設計 45
4-4-2-1 BBD與結果 45
4-4-2-2因子間交互作用力探討 48
4-4-2-3殘差分布圖 50
4-4-2-4最佳化條件結果 52
4-5檢量線與偵測極限 53
4-6方法準確度與精密度 54
4-7真實樣品檢測 55
4-8 Analytical Eco-Scale 59
第五章結論 63
第六章參考文獻 65

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指導教授

丁望賢(Wang-Hsien Ding)

審核日期

2023-5-31

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