IP網路之MPEG-4調適性視訊品質控制

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姓名

王啟峰(Chi-Feng Wang ) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程研究所

論文名稱

IP網路之MPEG-4調適性視訊品質控制
(Adaptive MPEG-4 Video Quality Control over IP Network)

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摘要(中)

隨著視訊資料編碼和網路技術的日益精進，在網路上傳輸的多媒體視訊應用日益風行。然而，MPEG-4視訊資料傳輸可能因為網路的壅塞而使得封包遺失，進而造成視訊品質下降。這篇論文主要探討在IP網路上傳輸MPEG-4即時視訊資料時，如何因應網路的流量狀況，進而控制並維持良好的視訊品質。
我們提出一套可根據IP網路壅塞現況而動態調整的MPEG-4調適性視訊品質控制機制。此機制是由編碼端的網路監控器以及解碼端的品質回授器所組成，其根據封包遺失率所對映出的網路連線狀況來動態調整編碼端之編碼輸出位元率。我們分別以畫面為基礎及物件為基礎的兩種編碼形態在各種不同網路壅塞狀況下進行調適性品質控制機制的模擬及驗證。為配合MPEG-4 VM8來源端位元率控制機制，在以畫面為編碼基礎的研究中，我們提出以調升量化參數降低位元率的方式來取代傳統的直接降低目標位元率之做法；而在以物件為編碼基礎的研究中，我們提出回授阻止錯誤蔓延機制以快速的阻擋物件的錯誤蔓延，並利用物件可調性觀念進行視訊品質控制，保護重要物件之傳輸優先權。實驗結果顯示，不管是以畫面或物件為基礎的情況下，在網路嚴重壅塞時（封包遺失率為20%），加入所提之品質控制機制的平均PSNR比沒有品質控制提升1.27到2.16 dB。

摘要(英)

The MPEG-4 VM8 source rate control use both the frame-based and multiple video object (MVO)-based encoding methods to generate video sources toward a target rate. To incorporate the network conditions, we propose an adaptive MPEG-4 quality control mechanism to overcome various congestion situations of IP network for maintaining the quality of MPEG-4 video source. The mechanism composes of network monitoring unit (NMU) at the encoder end and quality feedback unit (QFU) at the decoder end. Based on the network condition represented by the packet loss rate, the mechanism adjusts the encoding output bitrate dynamically.
We verify and simulate the proposed adaptive quality mechanism under various congestion conditions. In frame-based adaptive quality control the frame output bitrate is adjusted by changing the value of quantization parameter instead of decreasing the overall target bitrate directly. In MVO-based adaptive quality control we use feedback to stop error propagation of MVO shape coding rapidly. Moreover, we utilize the object scalability property to protect the significant objects by high priority transmission. Simulation results show that either frame-based or MVO-based adaptive quality control mechanism improves the average PSNR more remarkably than no quality control under the heavy congestion network condition with a packet loss rate 20%. The improvement of average PSNR is in the range from 1.27 to 2.16 dB.

關鍵字(中)

★ IP網路
★ MPEG-4
★ 位元率控制
★ 品質控制

關鍵字(英)

★ IP netwrok
★ MPEG-4
★ quality control
★ rate control

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要................................................................................................I
英文摘要...............................................................................................II
目錄.......................................................................................................III
圖目.......................................................................................................VI
表目........................................................................................................X
第一章緒論...........................................................................................1
1.1研究背景與動機..............................................................................1
1.2論文架構...........................................................................................3
第二章視訊傳送原理..........................................................................4
2.1 MPEG視訊編碼基本觀念..............................................................4
2.1.1 畫面內編碼（Intra-frame Coding）............................................5
2.1.2 畫面間編碼（Inter-frame Coding）............................................6
2.1.3 MPEG視訊編碼原理....................................................................7
2.1.4 MPEG可調性編碼原理..............................................................10
2.2 MPEG-4 Video 加強以及新增的功能.........................................12
2.2.1物件式編碼（Object-based coding）..........................................15
2.2.2可調性編碼（Scalable coding）..................................................17
2.2.3抗錯式編碼（Error resilience coding）.......................................19
2.3 IP網路重要原理.............................................................................22
2.3.1 IP網路重要特性..........................................................................23
2.3.2 IP網路應用環境的優點.............................................................23
2.3.3 MPEG video over IP網路的參考模型........................................24
2.4在IP網路上傳送的封裝機制.........................................................25
2.4.1封裝機制（Packetization Mechanism）.......................................25
2.4.2封裝演算法（Packetization Algorithm）.....................................27
第三章編碼端位元率控制及訊務調整...........................................30
3.1傳輸層位元率控制..........................................................................30
3.2回授機制的運作...............................................................................31
3.2.1 RTP/RTCP協定..............................................................................32
3.2.2回授控制（Feedback control）.....................................................33
3.3 實際在IP網路上傳送的情形.........................................................34
3.4 MPEG-4 位元率控制.......................................................................35
3.4.1 基本畫面位元率控制..................................................................35
3.4.2多物件位元率控制........................................................................44
3.4.2 以MB為基礎的位元率控制........................................................48
第四章視訊品質控制系統..................................................................50
4.1系統架構.............................................................................................50
4.1.1 畫面為基礎之品質控制...............................................................53
4.1.2 物件為基礎之品質控制...............................................................54
4.2品質回授器.........................................................................................55
4.2.1 封包遺失率監測............................................................................55
4.2.2 監測解碼時的MB Error.................................................................56
4.3網路監控器.........................................................................................57
4.3.1 和傳統品質控制方法之比較......................................................58
4.3.2 連線品質調整................................................................................59
4.3 物件編碼阻止錯誤蔓延機制.........................................................62
4.3.1 週期性Intra shape............................................................................65
4.3.2 回授阻止錯誤蔓延........................................................................65
第五章實驗結果與討論.......................................................................66
5.1實驗模擬的細節................................................................................66
5.1.1視訊序列..........................................................................................66
5.1.2 模擬系統參數的設定與說明......................................................68
5.2 物件編碼錯誤阻擋機制..................................................................71
5.3 品質調整系統的模擬......................................................................74
5.3.1 畫面為基礎品質調整機制..........................................................74
5.3.2 物件為基礎品質調整機制..........................................................87
第六章結論............................................................................................91
參考文獻..................................................................................................92

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2001-6-14

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