Workability and Mechanical Analysis of Various Warm Mix Asphalt Technology in Taiwan

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林光澤(Rivalen Halim) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

(Workability and Mechanical Analysis of Various Warm Mix Asphalt Technology in Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

溫拌瀝青作為對環境衝擊較低的技術，目前正陸續在世界各地進行相關研究。面對氣候變遷需要各國政府做出「2050年淨零碳排」承諾和措施，在2022年3月，臺灣公布實現淨零碳排目標的路徑。政府將溫拌瀝青（WMA）作為鼓勵淨零碳排的方法之一。本研究調查了不同的溫拌瀝青技術，如化學添加劑（ZycoTherm），蠟添加劑（Sasobit和聚乙烯），以及發泡技術（Asphamin和注水系統）。旨在評估它們對製造過程、流變性能和瀝青混合料性能的影響。結果顯示，ZycoTherm容易混合，而蠟添加劑需要更高的溫度和較長的混合時間。Asphamin發泡技術相比注水系統更簡單，後者需要額外的機械設備。在降低了30°C的拌合溫度下，所有溫拌瀝青技術在壓實性和工作性方面表現良好。然而，蠟添加劑對瀝青黏結劑的流變性能有顯著影響。Sasobit和聚乙烯皆能夠減少針入度並同時提高瀝青膠泥的軟化點。蠟添加劑的特性則是在增加低溫下的黏度，並在高溫時降低黏度，同時提高老化前及短期老化後，瀝青膠泥於DSR的失效溫度。而其他添加劑對流變性能沒有此類影響。因此，僅靠流變性測試不足以確定拌合和壓實溫度以及瀝青混合料性能的。另一方面，ZycoTherm增加了粒料與黏結劑之間的黏結力，以最佳的沸騰試驗結果（99%）脫穎而出。本研究還發現，以碳酸鈣作為填縫料的混合料在抗水分侵害能力方面不符合要求，且在抵抗車轍形成方面表現不佳。另一方面，添加水泥顯著提高了所有溫拌瀝青技術在抗水分侵害能力和抗車轍能力方面的表現。HMA、ZycoTherm、Sasobit、Polyethlene、Asphamin和注水系統的抗水分侵害能力分別增加了31%、30%、34%、40%、49%和35%。抗車轍能力分別增加了18%、120%、54%、83%、111%和59%。儘管Sasobit和ZycoTherm的性能優於其他添加劑，但本研究中使用的所有WMA技術均符合要求，可在臺灣進行使用。本研究得出之結果可以進行下一步之研究及探討，相信能對溫拌技術運用於台灣之後續研究做出貢獻。

摘要(英)

Warm mix asphalt is gaining increasing popularity worldwide, with numerous countries eager to adopt its environmentally friendly and cost effective advantages. Climate change necessitates governments making "2050 Net-Zero Emissions" pledges and measures. In March 2022, Taiwan will unveil its path to net-zero emissions. The government applies WMA as one of its approaches to encourage net zero-emissions initiatives. This research investigated into different Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies, such as chemical additives (ZycoTherm), wax additives (Sasobit and Polyethylene), and foaming technologies (Asphamin and water injection system). The goal was to evaluate their effects on the manufacturing process, rheological properties, and asphalt mixture performance. The results showed that ZycoTherm blended easily, whereas wax additives required higher temperatures and longer blending times. Asphamin foaming technology proved to be less complicated than the water injection system, which required additional machinery. At a reduced mixing temperature of 30 °C, all WMA technologies performed well in terms of compactability and workability. Wax additives, on the other hand, had a significant impact on the rheological properties of the binder. Sasobit and Polyethylene can decrease penetration depth, while also increase softening point. The behavior of wax additives is to increase viscosity at low temperatures and decrease viscosity at high temperatures. Increase the failure temperature of DSR for the unaged and after short term aging, respectively. Whereas other additives had no such effect on rheological properties. As a result, rheological tests alone were insufficient for determining mixing and compaction temperatures, as well as the performance of asphalt mixtures. On the other hand, ZycoTherm increase bonding between aggregate and binder which stands out with the best boiling test result (99%).The study also discovered that mixtures containing calcium carbonate as a filler failed to meet moisture resistance requirements and performed poorly in terms of rutting. The addition of cement, on the other hand, significantly improved moisture resistance and rutting resistance for all WMA technologies tested. The moisture resistance increase of 31%, 30%, 34%, 40%, 49%, and 35% for HMA, ZycoTherm, Sasobit, Polyethlene, Asphamin, and water injection system, respectively. The rutting resistance increase 18%, 120%, 54%, 83%, 111%, and 59% for HMA, ZycoTherm, Sasobit, Polyethlene, Asphamin, and water injection system, respectively. Based on the results, Sasobit and ZycoTherm outperform other additives, and all of the WMA technologies used in this study still meet the requirements and can be used in Taiwan.

關鍵字(中)

★ 溫拌瀝青技術
★ 化學添加劑
★ 蠟添加劑
★ 發泡技術

關鍵字(英)

★ WMA technology
★ Chemical additive
★ Wax additive
★ Foaming technology

論文目次

摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. i
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vii
List of Table ............................................................................................................................... x
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. xi
List of Symbols ......................................................................................................................... xii
I Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Research Backgrounds ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Objectives ............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Research Scopes ................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Study Flowchart ................................................................................................... 3
II Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Warm Mix Asphalt ............................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Chemical Additives .............................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Waxes Additives .................................................................................................. 8
2.1.3 Foaming Technologies ....................................................................................... 10
2.2 Effects of WMA Additive in Asphalt Binder Properties ................................... 16
2.2.1 Effects of Chemical Additive ............................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Effects of Wax Additive .................................................................................... 17
2.2.3 Effects of Foaming Additive .............................................................................. 17
2.2.4 Asphalt Chemical Components – SARA ........................................................... 17
2.3 Asphalt Mixture ................................................................................................. 19
2.3.1 Compactability ................................................................................................... 20
2.3.2 Moisture Sensitivity ........................................................................................... 21
v
2.3.3 Rutting Resistance .............................................................................................. 21
2.3.4 Improve WMA mixture performance ................................................................ 22
III Methodology ................................................................................................................. 24
3.1 Warm Mix Asphalt Additive and Asphalt Binder. ............................................ 24
3.1.1 Chemical Additive: ZycoTherm-SP ................................................................... 24
3.1.2 Wax Additive: Sasobit and Polyethylene wax ................................................... 26
3.1.3 Foaming Additive (Asphamin) .......................................................................... 28
3.1.4 Water Injection System ...................................................................................... 29
3.1.5 Asphalt Binder Test ........................................................................................... 34
3.2 Asphalt Mixture ................................................................................................. 42
3.2.1 Aggregate Properties .......................................................................................... 42
3.2.2 Coating ............................................................................................................... 46
3.2.3 Boiling ................................................................................................................ 46
3.2.4 Marshall Stability and Flow ............................................................................... 47
3.2.5 Compactability ................................................................................................... 48
3.2.6 Moisture Sensitivity ........................................................................................... 50
3.2.7 Rutting Resistance .............................................................................................. 51
3.3 MATLAB Analysis ............................................................................................ 52
3.4 Paired Sample t-test ........................................................................................... 53
IV Result and Discussion ................................................................................................... 54
4.1 Warm Mix Asphalt Additive and Asphalt Binder ............................................. 54
4.1.1 Wax Additive: Sasobit and Polyethylene wax ................................................... 54
4.1.2 Foaming Additive : Asphamin ........................................................................... 56
4.1.3 Water Injection System ...................................................................................... 57
4.1.4 Asphalt Binder test ............................................................................................. 59
4.2 Asphalt Mixture ................................................................................................. 68
4.2.1 Mixing and Compaction temperature ................................................................ 69
vi
4.2.2 Aggregate Properties .......................................................................................... 70
4.2.3 Marshall Stability and Flow ............................................................................... 72
4.2.4 Coating ............................................................................................................... 73
4.2.5 Boiling ................................................................................................................ 75
4.2.6 Compactability ................................................................................................... 77
4.2.7 Moisture Sensitivity ........................................................................................... 80
4.2.8 Paired Sample t-test ........................................................................................... 82
4.2.9 Rutting Resistance .............................................................................................. 83
4.3 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 87
4.3.1 Premix ................................................................................................................ 87
4.3.2 Postmix ............................................................................................................... 88
V Conclusion and Recommendation .................................................................................... 91
5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 91
5.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 91
Reference .................................................................................................................................. 92

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指導教授

陳世晃(Shih-Huang Chen)

審核日期

2023-8-11

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