探討在情境化與個人化下以智能QAC機制促進EFL寫作

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姓名

賴昱夫(Yu-Fu Lai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

網路學習科技研究所

論文名稱

探討在情境化與個人化下以智能QAC機制促進EFL寫作
(Smart QAC Mechanism to Facilitate EFL Writing in Contextualization and Personalization)

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摘要(中)

大多數與EFL寫作相關的研究通常只使用文法錯誤檢查功能來幫助EFL學習者檢查寫作錯誤。然而，這是遠遠不夠的，因為EFL學習者必須學會如何創造更有意義的寫作內容，特別是在真實語境中善用學習者自身周遭的環境。因此，我們開發了一個應用程式，Ubiquitous English (UEnglish)，以其圖像轉文字辨識技術(ITR)提供單字和來自真實語境中的圖片敘述，以及其生成式人工智能產生富有意義的提問(Q)和澄清(C)，來使得EFL學習者產出更多寫作內容。此外，學習者必須在收到來自人工智能的澄清前回答其提問。因此，我們提出了包含三個不同面向的智能提問-回答-釐清(QAC)機制來協助學習者寫作，那些面向包括了原因、交流以及組織。
本研究將35名參與者分成兩組，實驗組(EG)有19名學生，控制組(CG)有16名學生，實驗組加入了智能QAC機制輔助，控制組則沒有智能QAC機制輔助。在這項研究中，本次實驗共進行了六周，而我們採用了定量分析。後測結果及學習者行為分析顯示，使用ITR技術和智能QAC機制的實驗組與沒有使用的控制組有明顯差異。此外，實驗組在作業中能寫出更多富有意義的詞句。我們還發現，實驗組學生的原因及組織面向的回答能有效提升他們的後測成績。此外，實驗組學生感受到他們通過了智能QAC機制的輔助獲得了更多有用的建議進而提升了他們的寫作品質。因此，智能QAC機制可以有效促進EFL學習者在真實語境中的寫作能力。

摘要(英)

Most studies of EFL writing usually used grammar checking to help EFL learners to check writing errors. However, it is not enough since EFL learners have to learn how to create more meaningful content, particularly using their surroundings in authentic contexts. Therefore, we develop one App, Ubiquitous English (UEnglish), with recognition technology with Image-to-Text Recognition (ITR) texts to provide the vocabulary and description from authentic pictures, and generative-AI that can provide meaningful questions (Q) and clarifications (C) to trigger EFL learners to write more. In addition, EFL learners need to answer the question from AI before they receive the clarification. Hence, we proposed Smart Questioning-Answering-Clarification (QAC) mechanism including three dimensions such as reasoning, communication, and organization to help EFL writing in authentic contexts.
A total of 35 participants were assigned into two groups, experimental groups (EG) with 19 learners and control groups (CG) with 16 learners with/without Smart QAC mechanism support, respectively. In this study, the experiment was conducted over six weeks and we used quantitative analysis methods. The results revealed that the EG with ITR-texts and Smart QAC had a significant difference with CG in the learning behaviors and posttest. Furthermore, EG could write more meaningful words in the assignments. In detail, the EG’s answers of the reasoning and organization dimensions were helpful to enhance their writing in the posttest. In addition, EG learners felt that the Smart QAC mechanism helps them to gain more useful suggestions and enhance their writing. Therefore, the Smart QAC mechanism could facilitate EFL learners to enhance their EFL writing in authentic contexts.

關鍵字(中)

★ EFL 寫作
★ 真實語境
★ 辨識技術
★ 智慧回饋
★ 生成式人工智能

關鍵字(英)

★ EFL Writing
★ Authentic context
★ recognition technology
★ smart feedback
★ generative-AI

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Question 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 5
2.1 EFL Writing with The Authentic Context in Contextualization and Personalization 5
2.2 Recognition Technology Support in Authentic Contexts 6
2.3 AI Support in Authentic Contexts 8
2.4 The Smart Questioning and Clarification Mechanism for EFL Writing and Leaner Answer 9
Chapter 3 System Design and Implementation 11
3.1 System Design 12
3.1.1 Stage 1 - Contextualization 13
3.1.2 Stage 2 - Personalization 16
Chapter 4 Methodology 19
4.1 Participants 19
4.2 Research Framework 19
4.2.1 Independent Variables 20
4.2.2 Control Variables 21
4.2.3 Dependent Variables 22
4.3 Experimental Procedure 23
4.4 Research Tools 25
4.5 Data Analysis Approach 27
Chapter 5 Results 29
5.1 Analysis of Learning Achievements 29
5.1.1 Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of Each Assignment and Test 29
5.1.2 Writing Performance of Each Test between Groups 29
5.1.3 Learning Achievement between Groups in Stage 1 31
5.1.4 Learning Achievement between Groups in Stage 2 32
5.2 Comparison of Learning Behaviors between Groups 34
5.2.1 Comparison between Groups in Learning Behaviors in Stage 1 35
5.2.2 Comparison between Groups in Learning Behaviors in Stage 2 36
5.3 Relationship between Learning Behaviors and Learning Achievements 38
5.3.1 Correlation of Learning Behaviors and Achievements in Stage 1 38
5.3.2 Correlation of Learning Behaviors and Achievements in Stage 2 42
5.4 Prediction of the Dependent Variables to Learning Achievements 49
5.4.1 Prediction of The Dependent Variables to Learning Achievements in Stage 1 49
5.4.2 Prediction of The Dependent Variables to Learning Achievements in Stage 2 50
5.5 Mediation Effect on The Learning Achievement 51
5.6 Perception of Learners Toward our Proposed System 52
5.7 Suggestion and Implication 58
Chapter 6 Conclusion 61
Reference 64
Appendix A: Pretest 66
Appendix B: Stage 1 Posttest 68
Appendix C: Stage 2 Posttest 70
Appendix D: Question bank of Contextualization 72
Appendix E: Question bank of Personalization 73
Appendix F: Scoring rubrics for assignments and tests 74
Appendix G: TAM Questionnaire 76
Appendix H: Interview Question 78

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指導教授

黃武元(Wu-Yuan Hwang)

審核日期

2023-7-12

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