基於降維計算與群聚演算法優化語者分離系統

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姓名

莊涵迪(Han-Di Zhuang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於降維計算與群聚演算法優化語者分離系統
(Speaker Diarization System Optimized by Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering Algorithm)

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摘要(中)

近年來深度學習的興起帶來了⼀系列技術的進展，尤其在語⾳這塊領域，透過深度學習可達到傳統⽅法或⼈⼒達不到的境界。隨著各項語⾳服務的需求，語者分離技術也愈發受到重視，語者分離系統主要任務爲標⽰出⼀段對話中“誰”在“何時”有說話，⽽這類的標識結果可幫助其他深度學習語⾳模型辨識出使⽤者與⾮使⽤者的交談內容，如語⾳辨識，聊天機器⼈，語⾳增強等，都是透過語者分離將⽬標⼈聲分離出，再進⼀步達成其下游任務。語者分離模型最常⾒的做法是利⽤語者特徵提取網路，如 x-vectors，i vectors 等，將參與對話的語者特徵提取出，再透過群聚演算法⽐對輸⼊語⾳⽚段達到語者分離的結果。然⽽，使⽤常⾒的群聚演算法如 K-means、SC(Spectral Clustring)皆遭遇到相似的瓶頸，在⾼維度的特徵向量在進⾏群聚演算法的計算時，可能導致分類效果不佳，以及運算時間過⾧。爲了突破此瓶頸，我們在實驗上先使⽤ ECAPA-TDNN 當作語者特徵提取器，再使⽤ UMAP 對特徵向量降維，UMAP 在許多與分類相關領域都取得優異的成績，使⽤其進⾏降維可以較好的保留原資料在⾼維度中的結構，使其成爲近年相當熱⾨的降維演算法。接著我們分別使⽤ Leiden 與 HDBSCAN 演算法進⾏群聚，其中 HDBSCAN 演算法在配合 UMAP 在分離結果上取得優異的成績，在 AMI Meeting 數據集上取得了 2.61 的分離錯誤率。我們的⽅法透過降維計算優化了在⾼維度下進⾏群聚計算的穩定度，並透過 HDBSCAN 演算法加強了分類準確度。我們提出的⽅法具有⼀般化及通⽤性，可套⽤在不同語者特徵提取網路的語者分離任務。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the rise of deep learning has brought about a series of technological advances. With the demand for various speech services, speaker diarization technology has gained increasing attention. The main task of a speaker diarization system is to identify "who" spoke "when" during a conversation. The most common approach in speaker diarization models is to use speaker feature extraction techniques such as TDNN to extract the features of the speakers participating in the conversation. Then, clustering algorithms are used to match the input speech segments to achieve speaker diarization results. However, using common clustering algorithms such as K-means and SC often encounter similar bottlenecks. In more complex scenarios, we would like to use higher-dimensional feature vectors to preserve complete features. High-dimensional feature vectors can lead to poor classification results and long computation times. To overcome this bottleneck, we used ECAPA-TDNN as a speaker feature extractor, and then used UMAP to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors. Using UMAP can better preserve the structure of the original data in high dimensions, and it allows users to define the target dimensions for the reduction, making it a popular dimensionality reduction algorithm in recent years. We then used the HDBSCAN algorithm for clustering, which has achieved excellent results. We achieved a diarization error rate of 2.61 % on the AMI Meeting dataset. Our method optimizes stability in high dimensions through dimensionality reduction calculations and accelerates classification accuracy through the HDBSCAN algorithm. Our proposed method has generalization and universality and can be applied to speaker diarization tasks in different datasets

關鍵字(中)

★ 深度學習
★ 語者分離
★ 降維計算
★ 群聚演算法

關鍵字(英)

★ Deep Learning
★ Speaker Diarization
★ Dimension Reduction
★ Clustering Algorithm

論文目次

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
一、緒論 - 1 -
1-1 研究背景與目的 - 1 -
1-2 研究方法與章節概要 - 2 -
二、相關文獻與文獻探討 - 4 -
2-1 語者分離技術 - 4 -
2-1-1 Deep Neural Network - 5 -
2-1-2 Time Delay Neural Network - 7 -
2-1-3 TDNN-f - 10 -
2-2 群聚演算法 - 13 -
2-2-1 Spectral Clustering - 13 -
2-2-2 Leiden - 18 -
2-2-3 HDBSCAN - 22 -
2-3 降維計算 - 26 -
2-3-1 Principal Component Analysis - 28 -
2-3-2 Linear Discriminant Analysis - 31 -
2-3-3 t-SNE - 34 -
2-3-4 UMAP - 37 -
三、基於降維計算與群聚演算法優化語者分離系統 - 41 -
3-2 ECAPA-TDNN - 42 -
3-2-1 ECAPA-TDNN 模型架構 - 43 -
3-2-2 SE 模塊 - 43 -
3-2-3 SE-res2Block - 44 -
3-2-4 Attentive pooling - 45 -
3-3 整體架構 - 47 -
3-3-1 降維計算演算法 - 47 -
3-3-2 群聚演算法 - 47 -
3-4 降維計算與群聚演算法應用於語者分離架構 - 49 -
3-4-1 語者特徵網路預訓練階段 - 50 -
3-4-2 降維計算與群聚演算法微調階段 - 50 -
四、實驗與結果說明 - 52 -
4-2 數據集 - 52 -
4-2-1 VoxCeleb - 52 -
4-2-2 AMI Meeting - 53 -
4-3 模型實現 - 54 -
4-3-1 語者特徵提取網路超參數 - 54 -
4-3-2 降維演算法與群聚演算法超參數 - 55 -
4-4 實驗結果 - 56 -
4-4-1 實驗評估方式 - 56 -
4-4-2 實驗結果展示 - 57 -
4-4-3 實驗結果探討 - 58 -
五、結論與未來方向 - 61 -
參考文獻 - 62 -

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指導教授

王家慶(Jia-Ching Wang)

審核日期

2023-8-11

推文