博碩士論文 111322038 詳細資訊




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姓名 鮑暐文(Wei-Wen Pao)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程學系
論文名稱 紅土礫石層剪力波速剖面與明挖隧道受振行為模擬
(Shear wave velocity profile of lateritic gravel and seismic behavior simulation of open cut tunnel)
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檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   至系統瀏覽論文 (2027-8-23以後開放)
摘要(中) 本研究以離心振動台共進行5組離心模型振動台試驗,將30 cm高之自由場試體放置於 80 g的人造離心重力場,模擬24 m厚紅土礫石層之自由場受振反應,紀錄不同深度之加速度歷時、地表沉陷與土體側向位移量歷時,以探討土層的剪力波速、放大倍率、地表沉陷量及地層沿深度之側向變位,以及隧道受振期間引致的動態特性。
試驗結果顯示,(1) 無連續壁僅埋置隧道的試驗情況下,輸入振動條件為1 Hz、15 cycle、PBA = 0.25 g,試驗量測土層最大剪應變於深度8.4 m ~ 14.8 m為同深層隧道最大剪應變之30倍,為經驗公式 γ=V_max/C_s 求得土層最大剪應變之2倍,故以公式推求隧道最大剪應變較為合理,安全係數為15,其中2 Hz與3 Hz輸入之基盤加速度較小,故只比較各試驗條件下1 Hz的振動事件;(2) 土層的放大倍率,以能量的觀點來看(累積絕對加速度,CAV),由深度24 m往上傳遞至深度16.7 m大約放大1.1倍;深度24 m傳遞至深度7.3 m大約放大2.3倍;深度24 m傳遞至深度2 m大約放大2.9倍;(3) 隧道頂部無覆土、隧道頂部有覆土及無連續壁僅埋置隧道的不同試驗情況下,都將會於隧道頂版及底版角落位置產生較大的應變量。無連續壁僅埋置隧道的試驗條件下產生最大的應變量約為埋置連續壁與隧道條件的3 ~ 5倍,連續壁的存在可減少隧道角落位置產生的應變量;(4) 受振後隧道產生的殘餘應變量約為受振期間最大應變量的十分之一,且殘餘應變會隨振動事件次數累加;(5) 土層剪應變量隨輸入PBA越大而有遞增的趨勢,趨勢並非為線性增長。
摘要(英) This study involves five sets of centrifuge shaking table tests, with a free-field model 30 cm in height placed within an 80g artificial gravity field to simulate the seismic response of a 24-meter-thick red clay gravel layer in a free field. The acceleration time histories at different depths, surface settlements, and lateral displacements of the soil were recorded to investigate shear wave velocity, amplification factors, surface settlements, and lateral displacements along the depth of the soil layer, as well as the dynamic characteristics induced by tunnel vibrations.
The test results indicate the following: (1) Without continuous walls, the maximum shear strain in the soil was 30 times greater than that in the tunnel and double the amount calculated by the empirical formula. Using the formula provides a more reasonable estimate for the tunnel′s maximum shear strain, with a safety factor of 15. (2) The amplification factor of the soil layer increased with depth, with 1.1 times at 16.7 m, 2.3 times at 7.3 m, and 2.9 times at 2 m. (3) Significant strain occurred at the corners of the tunnel roof and floor, with the absence of continuous walls resulting in strains 3 to 5 times higher. Continuous walls help reduce this strain. (4) Residual strain after vibration was about one-tenth of the maximum strain and accumulated with repeated vibration events. (5) Shear strain in the soil layer increased with larger input PBA, though the increase was not linear.
關鍵字(中) ★ 地工離心機
★ 振動台
★ 紅土礫石
★ 剪力波速
★ 隧道
關鍵字(英) ★ Geotechnical centrifuge
★ Shaking table
★ Lateritic gravel
★ Shear wave velocity
★ Tunnel
論文目次 摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xix
一、前言 1
1-1 研究背景與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 2
二、文獻回顧 3
2-1 離心模型原理 3
2-1-1 離心模型縮尺率 5
2-1-2 尺寸效應對離心模型之影響 6
2-1-3 科氏加速度對離心模型之影響 7
2-1-4 模型模擬 7
2-2 鐵路明挖覆蓋隧道設計規範 10
2-3 離心模型動態試驗中剪力波速之演變 11
2-4 離心隧道模型振動台試驗 12
2-5 1g模型振動台試驗 16
2-6 周圍土壤液化隧道上浮機制 17
2-7 防治液化引致隧道上浮的對策 18
三、試驗設備與試體準備 21
3-1 試驗儀器與設備 21
3-1-1 地工離心機 21
3-1-2 單軸向振動台 22
3-1-3 資料擷取系統 24
3-1-4 各式感測器 25
3-1-5 積層版試驗箱(laminar box)及橡皮囊袋 28
3-2 試驗土樣 30
3-3 模型製作及試體準備 30
3-3-1 連續壁模型製作 31
3-3-2 隧道模型製作 33
3-3-3 橡皮囊袋製作與積層版試驗箱組立 37
3-3-4 試體製作 38
3-4 離心模型試驗 43
四、試驗規劃與結果討論 44
4-1 試驗規劃 44
4-2 分析方法 53
4-2-1 地層剪力波速(Shear wave velocity, Vs) 53
4-2-2 顯著頻率 54
4-2-3 加速度反應及歷時圖 55
4-2-4 累積絕對速度值(CAV)之放大倍率 56
4-2-5 地表沉陷量與地層延深度之側向變位 56
4-2-6 地層延深度之側向剪應變 57
4-2-7 隧道應變量 58
4-2-8 隧道剪應變 58
4-3 試驗結果 60
4-3-1 SG–F試驗結果(粉土礫石–自由場) 60
4-3-2 LG–F 試驗結果(紅土礫石–自由場) 79
4-3-3 LG–TD1 試驗結果(紅土礫石–隧道頂端無覆土) 102
4-3-4 LG–TD2 試驗結果(紅土礫石–隧道頂端有覆土) 130
4-3-5 LG–T 試驗結果(紅土礫石–僅隧道埋至於土層中央) 158
4-4 結果比較 186
4-4-1 不同試驗情況於不同深度的剪應變及正規化剪應變值比較 186
4-4-2 不同試驗情況下隧道剪應變與土層剪應變之比較 187
4-4-3 不同試驗情況下土層剪應變之比較 188
五、結論與建議 191
5-1 結論 191
5-2 建議 193
參考文獻 194
附件 197
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指導教授 洪汶宜(Wen-Yi Hung) 審核日期 2024-8-23
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