以可解釋性技術協助 Android 惡意軟體檢測模型抵抗對抗式攻擊之研究

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嚴育程(Yu-Cheng Yan) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊管理學系

論文名稱

以可解釋性技術協助 Android 惡意軟體檢測模型抵抗對抗式攻擊之研究
(Research on Using Explainability Techniques to Assist Android Malware Detection Models in Resisting Adversarial Attacks)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-7-31以後開放)

摘要(中)

隨著科技進步，行動裝置上眾多應用程式的普及對人類生活帶來了便利，但也成為了惡意攻擊的目標，尤其是佔有70%市場份額的Android。目前研究人員透過人工智慧，特別是利用函式呼叫圖（Function Call Graph, FCG），已經在惡意應用檢測上取得了顯著成效。但攻擊者不斷開發新的對抗手段，對抗式攻擊（Adversarial Attack）就是其中一種策略，它通過微小的修改將原始APK製作成對抗式樣本，使檢測模型判斷錯誤。根據先前的研究，原先檢測率達到90%以上的模型，受到這樣的攻擊時，對抗式樣本的檢測率為0%，這樣的攻擊方法帶非常嚴重的危害。目前已有幾種解決方法，其中對抗式訓練是一種常見的防禦方法，其可以有效的提升檢測對抗式樣本的能力，但會使檢測模型的準確率下降。
本研究將結合解釋性技術（Explainabel AI, XAI）製作對抗式樣本，利用解釋性技術提取模型判斷的特徵重要度排名，以此作為擾動位置的依據修改FCG，通過改變程式結構誤導檢測模型判斷。從模型的角度來看XAI生成的對抗式樣本是針對模型的弱點進行攻擊，利用這些對抗式樣本強化模型的檢測能力，使模型更專注於FCG中的惡意行為，以此來維持模型的準確率。
本研究所提出之方法一般模型訓練時可以達到94%的F1-Score，經過對抗式訓練後可以達到91%的F1-Score。其中對抗式訓練模型可以有效抵禦對抗式攻擊。

摘要(英)

As technology advances, the widespread use of mobile apps has made life easier but also a target for malicious attacks, notably on Android, which holds a 70% market share. AI, especially Function Call Graphs (FCG), has significantly improved malware detection. However, attackers develop new methods, such as adversarial attacks that slightly modify original APKs to fool detection models, drastically reducing their effectiveness. Current solutions include adversarial training, which while effective, decreases model accuracy.
This study employs explainable AI (XAI) to create adversarial samples and uses it to identify and manipulate key features in FCGs, thereby fooling detection models. This approach targets model vulnerabilities, enhancing detection focus on actual malicious activities and maintaining accuracy. Our method achieves an F1-Score of 94% normally and 91% post-adversarial training, effectively countering adversarial attacks.

關鍵字(中)

★ 對抗式攻擊
★ 深度學習
★ 解釋性技術
★ Android惡意軟體檢測

關鍵字(英)

★ Adversarial Attacks
★ Deep Learning
★ Explainable AI
★ Android Malware Detection

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
一、緒論 1
1.1. 研究背景 1
1.2. 動機與目的 2
1.3. 貢獻 4
1.4. 章節架構 5
二、相關研究 6
2.1. ANDROID惡意軟體分析 6
2.1.1. Android應用程式檢測 6
2.2. 圖卷積網路與圖神經網路可解釋性 8
2.3. ANDROID對抗式攻擊與防禦策略 10
2.3.1. Android對抗式攻擊 10
2.3.2. 對抗式攻擊的防禦策略 13
2.4. 相關研究小節 14
三、研究方法 15
3.1. 系統架構 15
3.2. 資料集 16
3.3. 檢測模型 16
3.3.1. 提取FCG 16
3.3.2. 取得敏感子圖 18
3.3.3. 敏感子圖的向量表示 21
3.3.4. 模型訓練與測試 22
3.4. 生成對抗式樣本 24
3.4.1. 特徵重要度排名 25
3.4.2. 取得函式原始位置 27
3.4.3. 建立對抗式樣本 27
3.5. 對抗式訓練 31
四、實驗 35
4.1. 實驗環境 35
4.1.1. 硬體設備 35
4.1.2. 軟體設置 35
4.1.3. 實驗資料集 35
4.2. 評估指標 37
4.3. 評估問題 39
4.4. 實驗設計與結果 40
4.4.1. 實驗一 40
4.4.2. 實驗二 41
4.4.3. 實驗三 45
4.4.4. 實驗四 47
4.4.5. 實驗五 49
五、結論與未來研究 52
六、參考文獻 54

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳奕明(Yi-Ming Chen)

審核日期

2024-7-30

推文