基於光線與臉部表情變化下之人臉辨識

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姓名

盧俊良(Jyun-Liang Lu) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於光線與臉部表情變化下之人臉辨識
(Face Recognition Under Illumination and Facial Expression Variation)

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摘要(中)

提供一個可靠且有效率的人臉辨識系統需克服許多問題，其中包含了人臉影像受到光線、表情或頭部姿勢變化等，這些因素將會造成辨識率的下降，因此所採用之系統在面對影像的變化時，應具備較高之抵抗能力。此外，若要將系統架構能應用在即時辨識上，即要考慮到系統的計算時間必須是快速且有效率的。
基於上述目的之下，本篇論文提出了一個架構，可同時克服影像中具有光線變化與臉部表情變化的問題，並以最少的訓練影像張數、較少的計算時間，達到最佳的辨識率。本系統先使用Retinex演算法降低光線的影響，再使用主動式外觀模型（Active Appearance Model, AAM），擷取出五官特徵，建立component-based的辨識系統，再利用Support Vector Machine (SVM)以嘴巴特徵來建立表情分類的model，並依據SVM的判斷結果，削弱受到表情影響特徵的權重值，藉以降低表情變化對辨識率帶來的影響。
而實驗結果顯示，本篇論文所提出的架構，在每個人只訓練單張影像下，能克服光線變化與表情變化的問題，提升了系統的辨識率。

摘要(英)

Most face recognition methods assume either constant lighting condition or natural facial expressions and hence can not deal with both kinds of variations simultaneously. The constraint has to be alleviated in a reliable and practical face recognition system.
In order to resolve the aforementioned problem, we present a component-based face recognition system which can deal with both illumination and facial expression variations with the using of only one training sample image per class. In our work, retinex algorithm is firstly adopted to decrease the influence of illumination variation. Then, active appearance model (AAM) is employed to extract facial features to establish the proposed face recognition system. Next, support vector machine (SVM) is utilized to distinguish the variations of facial expressions by using the mouth features. To equip with the
capability of insensitivity to expressions, the proposed system decreases the weights of these features which are affected by facial expressions. Finally, the recognition part combines the global feature and local features to generate the recognition result.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed component-based face recognition system can indeed improve the performance when the images are under different illumination and facial expression variations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 人臉辨識
★ 光線變化
★ 表情變化

關鍵字(英)

★ face recognition
★ illumination
★ facial expression

論文目次

摘要...........................................................................................................................................i
Abstract.....................................................................................................................................ii
目錄.........................................................................................................................................iii
附圖目錄..................................................................................................................................v
表格目錄................................................................................................................................vii
第一章緒論.............................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機....................................................................................................................1
1.2 相關研究....................................................................................................................3
1.3 系統架構....................................................................................................................6
1.4 論文架構....................................................................................................................9
第二章人臉辨識前處理-針對於光線變化之處理..............................................................10
2.1 Retinex演算法...........................................................................................................10
2.2 Single Scale Retinex 演算法....................................................................................13
2.3 Multiple Scale Retinex 演算法................................................................................15
2.4 Multiple Scale Retinex with Color Restoration演算法.............................................19
2.5 Retinex 演算法的實驗結果與比較.........................................................................20
第三章人臉辨識前處理-針對於臉部表情變化之處理與特徵擷取..................................25
3.1 人臉局部特徵 – 五官偵測....................................................................................26
3.2 建立Appearance Model............................................................................................26
3.3 以Active Appearance Model做搜尋.........................................................................29
3.4 Active Appearance Model 搜尋後的結果...............................................................31
3.5 以嘴巴特徵判斷表情變化.......................................................................................35
3.6 使用SVM建立分類model ........................................................................................36
第四章系統辨識流程...........................................................................................................41
4.1 PCA降維處理...........................................................................................................42
4.2 辨識區域權重值之計算..........................................................................................44
第五章實驗結果與討論.......................................................................................................49
5.1 人臉影像資料庫......................................................................................................49
5.1.1 Yale人臉影像資料庫.....................................................................................49
5.1.2 Yale B人臉影像資料庫.................................................................................51
5.1.3 Extended Yale B人臉影像資料庫.................................................................52
5.2 實驗結果..................................................................................................................53
5.3 實驗結果討論與比較..............................................................................................58
第六章結論與未來工作.......................................................................................................65
6.1 結論..........................................................................................................................65
6.2 未來工作..................................................................................................................67
參考文獻................................................................................................................................68

參考文獻

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指導教授

范國清(Kuo-Chin Fan)

審核日期

2009-7-30

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