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姓名 宋定遠(Ting-yuan Sung)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 資訊工程學系
論文名稱 用權重參照計數演算法執行主動物件垃圾收集
(Actor Garbage Collection Using Weighted Reference Counting.)
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摘要(中) 隨著計算資源成本的降低和網際網路的普及,建置分散式系統的門檻已大大的降低了,許多以分散式計算為基礎的新型服務也應運而生,因此設計分散式系統時對於自動化管理和可程式化的需求也因此而提高了;為了提高實作分散式系統時的便利性我們引入了主動物件計算模型的概念,希望能藉此降低實作分散式程式的困難度。此外,我們也建議使用自動化記憶體管理機制來減輕人為控制可能產生的風險並進而提昇系統的穩定度。
然而,主動物件計算模型的特性可能會使垃圾收集機制發生誤差,例如,不同步訊息傳遞會使垃圾收集演算法產生競賽情況,這會降低自動化記憶體管理的正確性。因此為了使垃圾收集機制能完全整合在主動物件計算模型之中,我們提出了權重參照計數演算法,並針對可能的錯誤做了必要的修改。最後,我們會藉由比較使用各種垃圾收集機制時程式的執行速度和可用記憶體的容量來彰顯權重參照計數演算法的成效。
摘要(英) In the past decade, the cost of computational resources is getting lower
while the computing power of them is getting better. Meanwhile, Internet
connects numerous computational resources and promotes the use of
distributed computing. To facilitate the development of distributed
computing applications, automatics resource management and
programmability are critical to help build distributed systems. Automatic
garbage collection simplifies memory management and improves
programmability. It reclaims garbage memory cells automatically and has
been used in many distributed programming languages such as Java. The
idea of automatics garbage collection can apply to the actor model, a
distributed model that reasons about distributed systems with the properties
of encapsulated state, autonomous computing, and asynchronous
communication. Unfortunately, the properties of the actor model prevent
direct use of traditional garbage collection algorithms in actor-based
systems.
In this thesis, we present a distributed actor garbage collection algorithm
and implement it in an actor-based programming language, SALSA. The
algorithm adopts weighted reference counting of traditional distributed
garbage collection because it generates few systems messages. We add new
mechanisms in the algorithm to support distributed actor garbage collection
which generates the same number of system messages as that of the
traditional weighted reference counting algorithm. Our experimental results
show that our implementation is practical for actor-based systems.
關鍵字(中) ★ 主動物件計算計算模型
★ 權重參照計數
★ 垃圾收集
關鍵字(英) ★ Actor Model
★ Garbage Collection
★ Weighted Reference Counting
論文目次 第一章 緒論 .......................................... 1
1.1 垃圾收集(Garbage Collection, GC) ............... 3
1.2 簡介權重參照計數 ................................. 5
1.3 研究動機 ......................................... 6
1.4 研究目的 ......................................... 7
1.5 研究挑戰 ......................................... 8
1.6 研究成果與貢獻 .................................. 10
1.7 文章架構 ........................................ 10
Related Work ........................................ 11
第二章 主動物件垃圾定義 ............................. 13
2.1 意圖運算 ........................................ 15
2.2 主動物件垃圾的操作型定義 ........................ 17
第三章 主動物件的權重參照計數演算法 ................. 23
3.1 分散式垃圾收集演算法的可行性 .................... 24
3.2 權重參照計數演算法 .............................. 26
3.2.1 訊息保護機制 .................................. 31
第四章 系統實作 ..................................... 35
4.1 SALSA 程式語言 ................................. 35
4.1.1 主動物件系統架構 .............................. 36
4.2 實作權重參照計數演算法於SALSA ................... 41
第五章 實驗數據 ..................................... 45
5.1 執行時間 ........................................ 46
5.2 可用記憶體容量的變化 ............................ 48
結論與未來方向 ....................................... 51
參考文獻 ............................................. 52
參考文獻 [1] A. Vardhan. Distributed garbage collection of active objects: A transformation and its applications to java programming. Master’s thesis, UIUC, Urbana Champaig, Illinois, 1998.
[2] A. Vardhan and G. Agha. Using passive object garbage collection algorithms. In ISMM’02, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, pages 106-113, Berlin, June 2002. ACM Press.
[3] C. A. Varela and G. Agha. Programming dynamically reconfigurable open systems with SALSA. ACM SIGPLAN Notices. OOPSLA’2001 ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Systems, Languages and Applications, 36(12):20-34, Dec. 2001.
[4] David F. Bacon , V. T. Rajan, Concurrent Cycle Collection in Reference Counted Systems, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, p.207-235, June 18-22, 2001.
[5] D. I. Bevan, Distributed garbage collection using reference counting, in “Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 258, pp. 117-187, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York, 1987.
[6] D. Kafura, D. Washabaugh, and J. Nelson. Garbage collection of actors. In OOPSLA’90 ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Systems, Languages and Applications, pages 126-134. ACM Press, October 1990.
[7] Dmitry Kogan, Assaf Schuster, Remote Reference Counting: Distributed Garbage Collection with Low Communication and Computation Overhead, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Volume 60, Issue 10, October 2000, Pages 1260-1292.
[8] D. Plainfosee and M. Shapiro, A survey of distributed garbage collection techniques, in “Second Closed BROADCAST Workshop, Bruxelles, Belgique, November 1994,” Broadcast Basic Research Action.
[9] F. Mattern. Global quiescence detection based on credit distribution and recovery. Inf. Proc. Lett., 30(4):195-200, 1989.
[10] G. Agha. Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems. MIT Press, 1986.
[11] Hewitt, C. Viewing control structures as patterns of passing messages. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 8(3):323-364, June 1977.
[12] JONES, R. E., AND LINS, R. D. Garbage Collection. John Wiley and Sons, 1996.
[13] K. Rokusawa, N. Ichiyoshi, T. Chikayama, and H.Nakashima. An Efficient Termination Detection and Abortion Algorithm for Distributed Processing Systems. In Proc. Of ICPP’ 88, volume1, pages 18-22, 1988.
[14] P. Dickman. Incremental, distributed orphan detection and actor garbage collection using graph partitioning and Euler cycles. In WDAG’96, volume 1151 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Bologna, Oct. 1996. Springer-Verlag.
[15] P. Watson and I. Watson, An efficient garbage collection scheme for parallel computer architecture, in “Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 258, pp.432-443, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York, 1987.
[16] Tomio Kamada , Satoshi Matsuoka , Akinori Yonezawa, Efficient parallel global garbage collection on massively parallel computers, Proceedings of the 1994 conference on Supercomputing, p.79-88, December 1994, Washington, D.C., United States.
[17] Worldwide Computing Laboratory. The SALSA Programming Language, 2002. Work in Progress. http://www.cs.rpi.edu/wwc/salsa/ .
[18] W. Wang and C. A. Varela. Distributed garbage collection for mobile actor systems: The pseudo root approach. In Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing, First International Conference, GPC 2006, volume 3947 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 360-372. Springer, May 2006.
[19] W. Yu and A. Cox, Conservative garbage collection on distributed shared memory system, in “Proc. Of the 16th International Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems, Hong Kong, May 1996,” pp.402-410, Assoc. Comput. Mach., New York.
指導教授 王尉任(Wei-jen Wang) 審核日期 2009-7-23
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