| 摘要: | 都市人口因經濟發展愈來愈稠密，人們對於防洪治水由以往將雨水儘速排除的觀念，逐漸修正為與水親善及避洪；隨著都市化程度日益趨高、人口的集中、地表的人工化，使得都市不透水面積大為增加，相對地減少了自然植生的被覆面，亦使雨水滲入地面的機會大減。都市化下，熱源產生與能源消費增加，改變都市的熱平衡，因此產生熱島效應。改善都市氣候的方法較為簡易且具體者為「透水鋪面」之鋪設法。「透水鋪面」工法在歐美日等國已行之有年，台灣目前仍為研究階段，由行政院公共工程委員會推行之透水鋪面示鋪工程己完工，未來將持續對試鋪路段進行檢測。 以新店透水鋪面試驗區模擬現地四種鋪面。在實驗室裡求得四種鋪面之滲透係數圴為10-3cm/秒以上，保水量平均18cm。進行模擬降雨以及自然降雨。以完工一年半來研判其量測數據，環保透水混凝土之保水程度最好，其次為透水瀝青，而植草磚和透水磚保水程度不相上下，為透水磚阻塞嚴重以致無法發揮功效。在熱島效應數據分析中，發現日照度對環境溫度為主要關係，地溫和環境溫度為負相關(R=-0.7)，與土壤含水量亦為負相關(R=-0.7)。透水鋪面對環境溫度降低中，與混凝土鋪面相比下透水瀝青可減低2-3℃、植草磚可減低4-5℃，透水磚可以減低3-4℃、環保透水混凝土可減低3-4℃。由透地雷達圖可判斷，在面層與基底層交接層有明顯擾動現象；由環境噪音量測中發現，環保透水混凝土與透水瀝青可減少2-3分貝。研究結果顯示對水鋪面對舒適度雖未能大幅降低感受程度，但仍有所改善。由上述檢測數據說明透水鋪面有相當成效，未來就成本進行評估與分析，以判斷與一般鋪面之差異性。 The flosishing ecomony has brought populos. People stare to change the rainwater to the idea of preventing the flood and controlling the flood as quickly as possible in the past, Revise for the goodwill with water and avoid the flood gradually.As the urbanization has raised bringing population concentration and artificial land, let impermeability area has been increased. Which decrease natural plant blanket , and reduce rainfall to infiltrate under ground.Urbanization increased the heat source producing and energy consuming.It changed the thermal balance, forming heat island effect. The simple and concrete way to improve city of climate use the 'permeable pavement 'The method of the permeable administer a lot of years in America ,Europe and Japan .Taiwan is still under study. Public Construction Sommission Executive Yuan promote permeable pavement was completed.It will be measured continuously in the future. At sindian city, we make four type of permeable pavement experiment zone.At laboratory, the coefficient of permeability was all above 10-3cm/sec, and the average of water-holding is 18 cm.We had gathered the data for last one and half years, find that permeable concrete perform the best e for water-holding capacity.The second one is permeable asphalt. We find out that brick and permeable brick, show no difference. The permeable brick couldn’t work might be that the permeable brick blocked seriously.From the data of heat island effect, we find out the main relation between sunshine and environmental temperature. The relation between ground temperature and sunshine is negative coefficient (R=-0.7).The relation between water content and environmental temperature is negative coefficient (R=-0.7).The reduce environmental temperature for Permeable pavement. The comparison with concrete pavement, permeable asphalt can lower 2-3℃, brick can lower 4-5℃, permeable brick can lower 3-4℃,permeable concrete can lower 3-4℃. By GPR map we determinedthat, it was agitated obviously between surface and subbase. Observing the environmental noise, permeable concrete and permeable asphalt can reduce 2-3 dB.The result show that the permeable pavement couldn't reduce comfortability rapidly, but could be improved Based on the research findings listed above, permeable pavement perform well, we can analyses the cost in the future. To judge the difference between permeable pavement and traditional one. |
