長公路隧道火災事故用路人疏散方案績效評估-以雪山隧道為例

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题名:	長公路隧道火災事故用路人疏散方案績效評估-以雪山隧道為例
作者:	劉鈺文;Yu-Wen Lion
贡献者:	土木工程研究所
关键词:	公路隧道;橫坑;疏散時間;延滯時間;Road Tunnel;Cross Passageway;Evacuation Time
日期:	2005-06-22
上传时间:	2009-09-18 17:18:55 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	摘要目前台灣路網的建造大都以穿越山區及為了避開環境因素問題，公路隧道已成為無可避免的設計。隧道內事故發生時較一般開放性路段更嚴重。對人員傷亡程度較為廣且嚴重威脅性大。特別是火災事故，因為密閉空間將阻礙溫度及煙的消散。故本研究以火災所產生之煙霧危險事件加以探討。此外，今年即將要通車的雪山隧道更長達12.9公里，因此隧道內之安全，更為社會大眾及政府所重視議題。火災發生時，端賴確保人員安全設施，如人、車行橫坑，以減少人員傷亡程度。隧道內用路人能即時靠自己的行動力，有效地疏散至安全地區，將是降低傷亡程度的主要關鍵。因此，目前針對用路人下車疏散原則說明以「逆向行車方向」進入最近之人或車行橫坑視為疏散方案一。另一項疏散方案二，其內容為將橫坑與橫坑間部分比例之用路人「順車行方向」疏散。本文以巨觀與微視的觀點，結合供需分析之概念，將單位時間可逃亡的人數視為供給，將單位時間需逃亡的人數是為需求，來建立疏散方案績效評估模型。其績效評估項目有傷亡人數、疏散時間及延滯時間三種。依本研究所建立之績效評估模型來分析兩疏散方案。本研究結果顯示，在最危急之情況下，若事故發生於車行橫坑下游時，利用方案二疏散人員，可減少傷亡人數。 Abstract In order to pass through mountainous ranges or to avoid environmental problem, more and more tunnels have been constructed to connect highway networks in Taiwan. However the impact is often much greater than on open road, if an accident occurs in a tunnel. The consequences could be extremely destructive and dangerous, especially in the event of a fire, because the enclosed space hinders the dissipation of heat and smoke. Therefore, the topic of this study is focused on the dangerous events caused by the firing smoke and whether the exit facilities, such as cross passageways is able to minimize the damage. In addition, the Shiue Shan tunnel which will be in service in this year is 12.9km long. As a result, the tunnel safety has been emphasized by government and people recently. The key point to minimize damage is that how to let the evacuees leave for safe region immediately and efficiently. In view of this, it is essential to provide enough space of the cross passageway for escape. The traditional evacuation plan is that all people escape along the direction opposite to the driving direction to enter the nearest cross passageway for either human or vehicle. Our study proposed another evacuation plan that only some portions of the people evacuate along the direction opposite to the driving direction and some evacuate along the driving direction. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic views, we provided the people able to evacuate per unit time as the supply and the people needed to evacuate as the demand by combining the concepts of supply and demand. Then we set up an estimate model of the evacuation plan. The items of the estimate model were included the amount of casualty, evacuation time and delay time. We analyzed both the traditional evacuation plan and the new proposed evacuation plan by our model. The results of this study revealed that in the worst situation, the accident occurred in the downstream of vehicle passageway, the amount of casualties was reduced by using our proposed evacuation plan.
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