摘 要 地狹人稠的台灣地區，主要屬於山區地形，且近年來為了平衡城鄉發展，已積極開發東部地區，而連接東部區域的公路建設，將勢必避免不了會以隧道型態來建築，而隧道內影響安全性的各項設施，實為隧道內發生事故時的重要逃生依賴，故隧道設施安全的考量與評估，將成為未來的重要課題。 本研究順應此一趨勢，參酌世界先進國家的方法與技術，以安全為出發點，提出公路隧道安全評估方法，藉方法中之風險潛勢與安全潛勢兩觀念，完整考量隧道內安全相關設施與措施，並以雪山隧道為例，藉由客觀的數據與評分，進行雪山隧道安全等級評估，再由評估結果找出影響安全的重要因素，供相關管理單位參考。同時，應用評估結果研擬安全改善方法，藉由數學規劃方式，分別以達到安全分數之最小改善成本與預算限制下獲得最大改善分數兩方向進行模式構建，建構成本最小與效益最大兩改善方案，提出雪山隧道未來若需改善時之項目順序，供決策單位進行改善時的參考依據，並為國內近200條服務中隧道提供一套安全評估與改善方法，也藉此對於國內隧道安全管理提出另一種思維，藉此方式改善隧道的安全程度並降低隧道風險，希冀由此評估方式與改善方法能對隧道安全的改善有所貢獻，並作為未來發展隧道管理系統的主要依據，增進事故發生時用路人的安全保障。 Abstract Taiwan is a mountainous and densely populated island. In recent years, the government has put many efforts to construct traffic links between western part and eastern part in order to balance the development discrepancy between them. To overcome the high mountainous terrain, mainly the Central Mountain Range, the construction of long road tunnels becomes inevitable. The driving safety in long road tunnels is, therefore, highlighted, and relies on the sufficiency of safety facilities as well as the efficiency of control and rescue measures. So the safety assessment of tunnel facilities will become main issue in the future. For this purpose, this study develops a safety assessment procedure based on risk potential and safety potential. Through integrating both the risk points and safety points evaluated in terms of risk potential and safety potential respectively, a result index can be calculated and further used for ranking the safety level of the tunnel. Applied this assessment method to Hshehshan tunnel and provided assessment result to the authorities. Meanwhile, using mathematical programming developed minimum cost and maximum benefit these two methods, found the safety improved sequence of the tunnel. These assessment and improvement methods can also be extended as the dominant part of the tunnel management system in the future.
