| 摘要: | 近年來中國經濟快速的成長，帶動了中國地區港埠整體發展，也連帶影響了整個亞太地區港埠的競爭。不僅亞太地區競爭激烈，歐洲、北美洲和其他地區皆有重要港埠互相吸引航商和貨源，因此有效率的港埠作業，將能獲得航商和貨主的青睞，擁有和其他港埠競爭的優勢。 從數據蒐集的過程了解到，國外港埠設施資料較難以完整取得，因此本研究利用灰關聯的方式，試圖去除資訊不完整下的影響，進一步再以資料包絡分析方式評估效率，而效率分析的結果顯示有過多的有效率單位，使得排序區分能力較低，所以最後則利用專家問卷模式、多目標規劃模式和係數修改模式等，對於乘數給予限制後評估。 灰關聯效率和原始效率比較結果顯示，灰關聯後的效率值較能有效表示整體的實際結果，而經由專家問卷所得的專家問卷模式評估之效率，排序的結果與實際排名的情形相吻合，表示越有效率的港口將擁有較高的排名；多目標規劃能有效區分排序，並具有客觀性和公正性的判斷；利用係數修改模式所得的效率和規模報酬分析顯示，各港口效率值差異有限，而大部分港埠皆為規模遞增，了解到各港口還是必須持續的發展以維持競爭力。高雄港在三模式下之三年效率值都是逐漸降低，效率不如以往，但效率值還是非常接近有效率單位，只要經過部分的調整即可再回到有效率的單位。 In recent years, China's economic rapid growth, led the development of ports in China and also affected the competitiveness of ports in Asia-Pacific region. Not only highly competitive in Asia-Pacific region, Europe, North America and other regions also have important ports to attract each other’s supply and container carriers. So the highly efficiency of port operations, will let the container carriers and shipper to access of the popular and will have competitive advantage with other ports. It’s very hard to collect some data of the Europe, North America and other regions, so this research used Grey Relation Analysis to eliminate the effect of the incomplete information first, then evaluated the performance of ports by Data Envelopment Analysis, and the results showed that there were many efficient DMU, making the rank distinguish ability to be low, so the final used expert mode, multi-objective programming model and coefficients-modified model to constraint multiplier, and then evaluated the performance again. The result of Gray Relational efficiency compare to original efficiency showed that the Gray Relational efficiency value was closed to the actual outcome, and the result of expert mode showed that the rank of efficiency was also closed to the rank of actual ports, saying that the highly efficient port will have a higher ranking; multi-objective programming can effectively, objectively and impartially distinguish the rank of efficiency; coefficients-modified model used “technical efficiency” and “scale analysis” to know most ports were increase returns to scale, it meant the port development must be sustained in order to maintain competitiveness. In the three modes, Kaohsiung’s efficiency values of the three years are gradually reduced, but still very close to the frontier, and it can be an efficient DMU after some adjustments . |
