| 摘要: | 本研究係針對中低層鋼構造建築物之吊裝設備進行探討，因目前營造廠商競爭激烈，大家競相降價，對於每一項作業之成本控制莫不錙銖必較，且對於經由詳細之施工規劃，及成本計算以期能確切掌控施工進度及發包成本、安全衛生等之觀念均較以往注重。以往國內業者在中低層鋼構造建築工程中吊裝設備之評選，採塔式吊車或輪式吊車、塔式吊車與輪式吊車搭配、兩部輪式吊車搭配四種型態，對於超高層建築物因受高度控制，因此吊裝設備均以塔式吊車為唯一選擇，業界在評選過程概均概略以最大構件重量及作業半徑作考量，並無一套有效的科學方法來估算，對於整體工程之進度、成本及安全之影響，僅憑以往經驗判別，缺乏客觀的評選準則。 最佳化理論在企管及工業工程管理方面已有多年之應用實例，尤其對於複雜問題之評選，可以很有效率的求得良好之解答，因此本研究將以最佳化理論來進行此項規劃工作，以業界之實際需求「吊裝費用最小成本」為目標，建立塔式吊車與輪式吊車之數量及選用機型之評選模式，並運用LINGO數學規劃軟體求出最佳解，本研究將以國內常用塔式吊車或輪式吊車、塔式吊車與輪式吊車搭配、兩部輪式吊車搭配四種型態為基準，計算出最佳組合之吊裝設備機型，避免因吊裝設備規劃不當，造成選用過大之吊裝設備造成成本增加之情形發生，以降低吊裝費用。本研究以台北縣三重市○○體育館8F S.R.C.大樓作模擬規劃，經由本模式之驗證，成效良好。 In this work, we investigate and study the framework for lifts in low and middle rise steel-structure buildings. Due to strong competition, the control of cost, the planning of construction and the preparation of safety have gained more attention and also played a more important role than the past. However, the framework for lifts is still a subject needed to be considered. Traditionally, among construction companies in Taiwan, tower crane, mobile crane, a combination of tower and mobile cranes or a combination of two mobile cranes are the four typical frameworks for lifts whereas constructing low and middle rise steel-structure buildings. For high rise steel- structure buildings, due to the constrain of its height, tower crane lifting is the only option. The decision of selecting a framework for lifts has been mostly based on rough estimation of the maximum weight on a single unit item and the construction radius. This kind of experience-based decision lacks not only scientific support, but also the objective view of construction planning, cost control and safety preparation. Optimization analysis has been commonly practiced in business and industry management. It provides effective and satisfying solutions to complex problems. In this study, our goal is to minimize the cost of framework for lifts, including the number and the type of lifts selected, We use a mathematics software tool “LINGO” to analyze then optimize the solution. In our study, we compare the four traditional frameworks mentioned previously then optimize them with the number of lifts. The purpose is to avoid improper selection of lifts which may easily increase the overall costs. In the end, we use gymnastics dome in San-Chun, as an example, to demonstrate our analysis. It is proven to provide excellent results. |
