| 摘要: | 污水下水道系統主要功能為維護生活環境，改善河川水質，健全都市發展，以及增進國民健康，已成為近代都市發展良莠指標。台灣地區污水下水道建設嚴重落後，其主要因素為地方政府財政困難、早期投資經費偏低、各級政府下水道組織及人力不建全，再加上土地取得困難及違建林立，影響用戶接管工程，導致接管率低等因素，為此，污水下水道工程的興建其實是刻不容緩並為政府施政之重要課題之一。 有鑑於此，行政院在「挑戰2008國家發展重點計畫」中，因考量污水下水道建設經費龐大，及政府財政日益困窘，如能採「促進民間參與公共建設法」之BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)方式引進民間活力、資金、技術及效率參與污水下水道之建設，除可加速提昇我國污水下水道用戶接管普及率外，更可帶動國內污水下水道相關產業蓬勃發展，有效振興我國之經濟。 本研究係以促進民間參與桃園縣埔頂都市計畫區污水下水道計畫個案進行探討，因桃園縣政府的財政狀況在全台23個縣市政府為名列前茅，但隨著近年來人口不斷擴增，以及眾多公共建設相繼展開下，桃園縣財政負擔越加沉重，自民國88年起已無法繼續維持平衡。另一方面桃園縣的舉債額度亦呈現逐年攀升之情形桃園縣政府民國94年舉借債務預算為112億元，而桃園縣政府送審95年度總預算案，舉債預算則增至約200億元為全台舉債額度最高縣市之一。 又依據內政部「促進民間參與污水下水道系統建設推動方案」之財源籌措規定，在水污費上未開徵或水污費無法順利開徵前，應支付民間機構之費用由地方政府所通過之污水下水道使用費負擔，不足部分政府負擔，至於中央與地方政府之分攤比例，則依「中央對直轄市及縣市政府補助辦法」之補助比例辦理，由桃園縣依該辦法屬於二級，其補助上限為93%。另對埔頂污水下水道系統之污水處理廠及其重置工程、管線工程（主次幹管與分支管網）、巷道及用戶接管及操作維護（固定操作及變動操作）等各興建及營運項目之投入成本及營業收入等進行財政指數探討外，並針對污水下水道主要以用戶接管、污水管線工程及污水處理廠(含污水處理廠重置)等工程項目，採一付清或依工程期分期或部分項目依污水量攤提等支付方式，當用戶使用費不足時，對地方政府財政影響。 The functions of the sewage sewer, including maintains living environments, improving river water qualities, perfecting metropolis development, and promoting population’s health, have become the measurement indicates for a modernization city. Rate of sewage sewer progress in Taiwan is extremely backwardness. Reasons include the early investment funds somewhat lower, restriction for manpower in district governments, the difficulties of land obtains, and over builds without license. Therefore, to construct sewage sewer is one of important administration topics of government. The Executive Yuan Republic of China (Taiwan) presents in “Challenges 2,008 National developments Key Plan”: the construction of sewage sewer funds huge and the government finance is getting straitened circumstance. So using the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) method of “the promotion folk participation public construction law” to import vigor, funds, technical, and participations from civil, can be efficiently not only accelerating the rates of sewage sewer, but to lead developments of the domestic industries related to sewage sewer. The study is using the projects of “promotes the folk to participate in peach garden county Puding to go against a metropolis plan area sewage sewer plan” as case study event. Although the financial condition of Tayuan government is good among other district governments in Taiwan, but along with the population increases, as well as the other multitudinous public construction launched one after another, the Revenue and expenditure of Tayuan government unable to keep balance since 1999. Moreover, the debt for Tayuan government is increased, which is accumulated to 112 hundred million NT to year 2005. The loans of Tayuan government proposed in 2006, even up to 200 hundred million NT, which are the most values among district governments in Taiwan. Based on methods of the “the promotion folk participation sewage sewer system construction impetus plan” proposed by Ministry of Interior, it presents the money pay to folk industries should offered by local government as tax of water pollution have not imposed yet or unable to impose. The shortage should provided by central government. There is a ratio for paying the tax between central and local government, according to the “The method of subvention for central government to its districts”. The Tayuan government belongs to second grade to this method, so subvention up to 93 percent. The study uses the sewage sewer system of Puding, and its sewage treatment plants and the reset project, the pipeline projects, the tunnel, user takes over control and the operation maintenance (fixed operation and change operation)…etc. to discuss its financial indicators according to the investment cost and the business income transport of business projects. The study focus on the engineering projects of sewage sewer to the user to take over control, the sewer line project and the sewage treatment plant (includes sewage treatment reset). The topics of study also investigate the influences of payment strategy in full or the partial projects depend on the dirt water volume according to the project time with separate, and the financial impacts to local government as money shortage. |
