| 摘要: | 營建工程發包順利與否，往往影嚮一個專案工程的造價，因此營建工程發包的問題，是一項重要的營建工程課題。分包乃是各產業重要經營策略之一，在營造業亦然。在目前營造業專業化分工的趨勢下，發包業主之角色乃以施工管理為重心，而其所管理之主要對象則為從事專業化生產之各種分包商，故如何評選優良之承包商為發包中心之經營重點。優良的營建工程分包策略能有效分散工程風險降低工程成本，因此工程分包計畫是另一項重要的營建工程課題。營建工程發包過程除既有的發包限制條件外，有時目標的考量為多目標，在此本研究將營建工程發包的問題公式化為多目標最適化問題，問題目標一、尋求最低的營建工程發包成本，目標二、尋求最低的工程發包風險；問題限制條件包含合理標價上、下金額限制、廠商承攬工程金額限制、廠商承攬工程件數限制及各分包工程僅能由一家廠商承攬，承包商承攬工程總人力限制，承包商承攬工程總金額限制，由於本研究為多目標組合最適化問題，在此本研究擬以 LINGO 7.0解此問題，並以民間營建工程為探討對象。 最佳化理論在企管及工程管理已有諸多應用，尤其對於複雜問題之剖析，能有效率求得最佳解答。本研究以最佳化理論，建構出工程發包決策，工程發包風險評選之整數規劃數學模式，並運用LINGO數學規劃軟體求得最佳解。再透過範例測試及敏感度分析，以印證本研究模式在運用之合適性。本模式在實際執行中，可依發包案件之改變或因參數變更，能快速調整參數進行發包。 Builds the project contract award to be smooth or not, often shade to a special case project construction cost, therefore builds the project contract award the question, is one item important builds the project topic. The subpackage is one of various industrial important management strategies, in building industry also however. Under the present building industry specialization division of labor's tendency, role of the contract award owner is take the construct control as a center of gravity, but its management main object to be engaged in the specialized production each kind of contractor, therefore how to evaluate the superior contractor management of for the contract award center key. Fine builds the project subpackage strategy to be able to disperse the project risk to reduce the project cost effectively, therefore the project subpackage plan is another item important builds the project topic. Builds the project contract award process besides already some contract award limiting condition, sometimes the goal consideration is the multi-objectives, will build the project contract award in this research the question formula to change into the multi-objectives to be most suitable the question, the question goal one, seeks lowly builds the project contract award cost, the goal two, seeks the lowest project contract award risk; The question limiting condition contains price-marks the top and bottom monetary limitation, the manufacturer to contract the project monetary limitation, the manufacturer reasonably to contract the project number of articles limit and each subpackage project can contract only by a manufacturer, the contractor contracts the project total manpower limit, the contractor contracts the project aggregate amount limit, because this research is most suitable for the multi-objective combinations the question, plans in this article by LINGO 7.0 solution this question, and builds the project take the folk as the discussion object. The optimization theory had many applications in business tube and the project management, analysis of regarding the complex question, can effectiveness obtain the best explanation especially. This research optimization theory, constructs the project contract award decision-making, of integer programming mathematical model the project contract award risk evaluation, and obtains the best solution using the LINGO mathematical programming software. Penetrates the model test and the sensitivity analysis again, verifies this research pattern in the utilization appropriate. This pattern in the actual execution, may depend on change or because of the parameter change the contract award case, can the quick-adjusting parameter carry on the contract award. |
